Symbiotic diversity, specificity and distribution of rhizobia in native legumes of the Core Cape Subregion (South Africa)

Rhizobial diversity and host preferences were assessed in 65 native Fynbos legumes of the papilionoid legume tribes Astragaleae, Crotalarieae, Genisteae, Indigofereae, Millettieae, Phaseoleae, Podalyrieae, Psoraleeae and Sesbanieae. Sequence analyses of chromosomal 16S rRNA, recA, atpD and symbiosis...

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Published in:	FEMS microbiology ecology Vol. 91; no. 2; pp. 1 - 17
Main Authors:	Lemaire, Benny, Dlodlo, Oscar, Chimphango, Samson, Stirton, Charles, Schrire, Brian, Boatwright, James S., Honnay, Olivier, Smets, Erik, Sprent, Janet, James, Euan K., Muasya, Abraham M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Oxford University Press 01-02-2015
Subjects:	Acidic soils Acidity Acyltransferases - genetics Bacterial Proteins - genetics Base Sequence Beans Biodiversity Bradyrhizobium - genetics Burkholderia Burkholderia - classification Burkholderia - genetics Distribution Ecology Environmental aspects Environmental factors Fabaceae - microbiology Fynbos Genetic diversity Genotypes Host preferences Host Specificity Labeling Legumes Mesorhizobium - classification Mesorhizobium - genetics Microbiology Mimosaceae NifH gene Oxidoreductases - genetics Phylogeny Rec A Recombinases - genetics RecA protein Rhizobium Rhizobium - classification Rhizobium - genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Root Nodules, Plant - microbiology rRNA 16S South Africa Symbionts Symbiosis Symbiosis - genetics South Africa host preference immunogold labelling Fynbos legumes root nodulation Burkholderia Mesorhizobium in situ immunogold labelling
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Summary:	Rhizobial diversity and host preferences were assessed in 65 native Fynbos legumes of the papilionoid legume tribes Astragaleae, Crotalarieae, Genisteae, Indigofereae, Millettieae, Phaseoleae, Podalyrieae, Psoraleeae and Sesbanieae. Sequence analyses of chromosomal 16S rRNA, recA, atpD and symbiosis-related nodA, nifH genes in parallel with immunogold labelling assays identified the symbionts as alpha- (Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer, Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium) and beta-rhizobial (Burkholderia) lineages with the majority placed in the genera Mesorhizobium and Burkholderia showing a wide range of host interactions. Despite a degree of symbiotic promiscuity in the tribes Crotalarieae and Indigofereae nodulating with both alpha- and beta-rhizobia, Mesorhizobium symbionts appeared to exhibit a general host preference for the tribe Psoraleeae, whereas Burkholderia prevailed in the Podalyrieae. Although host genotype was the main factor determining rhizobial diversity, ecological factors such as soil acidity and site elevation were positively correlated with genetic variation within Mesorhizobium and Burkholderia, respectively, indicating an interplay of host and environmental factors on the distribution of Fynbos rhizobia. This study is the most comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of rhizobia within the Fynbos biome, showing that legumes are specifically associated with Burkholderia and Mesorhizobium, the latter underestimated within Fynbos soils.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1574-6941 0168-6496 1574-6941
DOI:	10.1093/femsec/fiu024