Carbon nanofiber amalgamated 3D poly-ε-caprolactone scaffold functionalized porous-nanoarchitectures for human meniscal tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies

Carbon nanofiber amalgamated 3D poly-ε-caprolactone scaffold functionalized porous-nanoarchitectures for human meniscal tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies

We developed customizable biomolecule functionalized 3D poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds reinforced with carbon nanofibers (CNF) for human meniscal tissue engineering. 3D nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited commendable mechanical integrity and electrical properties with augmented cytocompatibility....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomedicine Vol. 14; no. 7; pp. 2247 - 2258
Main Authors: Gopinathan, Janarthanan, Pillai, Mamatha Muraleedharan, Shanthakumari, Sivanandam, Gnanapoongothai, Singaram, Dinakar Rai, Beliyur Krishna, Santosh Sahanand, Kulasekaran, Selvakumar, Rajendran, Bhattacharyya, Amitava
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-10-2018
Subjects:
3D scaffold
Adult
Animals
Caproates - chemistry
Carbon - chemistry
Cell Proliferation
Cells, Cultured
Female
Honeycomb garland structures
Human meniscus
Humans
In Vitro Techniques
Lactones - chemistry
Male
Materials Testing
Meniscus - cytology
Meniscus - physiology
Middle Aged
Nanocomposite
Nanocomposites - chemistry
Nanofibers - chemistry
Poly-ε-caprolactone
Polymers
Porosity
Rabbits
Tissue Engineering
Tissue Scaffolds
Nanocomposite
Poly-ε-caprolactone
3D scaffold
Human meniscus
Honeycomb garland structures
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Summary:We developed customizable biomolecule functionalized 3D poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds reinforced with carbon nanofibers (CNF) for human meniscal tissue engineering. 3D nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited commendable mechanical integrity and electrical properties with augmented cytocompatibility. Especially, the functionalized 3D (10wt% CNF) scaffolds showed ~363% increase in compressive moduli compared to the pristine PCL. In dynamic mechanical analysis, these scaffolds achieved highest value (~42 MPa at 10 Hz) among all tested scaffolds including pristine PCL and human menisci (33, 41, 56 years). In vitro results were well supported by the outcomes of cell proliferation analysis, microscopic images, Hoechst staining and extracellular-matrix estimation. Further, in vivo rabbit bio toxicity studies revealed scaffold’s non-toxicity and its future potential as a meniscus scaffold. This study also indicates that the incorporation of CNF in polymer matrix may be optimized based on mechanical properties of patient meniscus and it may help in developing the customized patient specific 3D constructs with improved multifunctional properties. We developed customizable biomolecule functionalized 3D poly caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds reinforced with carbon nanofibers (CNF) for human meniscal tissue engineering. Highly porous, electrically conductive 3D nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited porous nanoarchitectures which facilitated enhanced mechanical integrity and meniscus cell augmentation in vitro. In vivo biocompatibility studies on rabbits show admirable results. [Display omitted] •Biomolecules incorporated 3D PCL/CNF nanocomposite scaffolds have been developed for meniscal tissue engineering.•Nanoporous honeycomb garland like structures are created on the pore walls of these scaffolds which enhanced total surface area and porosity without compromising mechanical property.•When compared to human meniscus samples and control scaffold, these nanocomposite scaffolds exhibit better static and dynamic mechanical properties.•Meniscal cells are found to get attached to the honeycomb garland structured pore walls and proliferate to cover entire scaffold.•Scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted in New Zealand white rabbits.•Biochemical and immunohistochemistry analysis showed their in vivo biocompatibility which confirms suitability and potential of scaffolds as meniscal substitute.
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ISSN:1549-9634
1549-9642
DOI:10.1016/j.nano.2018.07.012