Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 related hospital admission in the Netherlands by medical risk condition: A test-negative case-control study

Vaccination remains crucial in reducing COVID-19 hospitalizations and mitigating the strain on healthcare systems. We conducted a multicenter study to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) of primary and booster vaccination against hospitalization and to identify subgroups with reduced VE. From March to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Vaccine Vol. 42; no. 15; pp. 3397 - 3403
Main Authors:	Niessen, F.A., Bruijning-Verhagen, P.C.J.L., Bonten, M.J.M., Peters, V., Ammerlaan, H.S.M., Delsing, C.E., Dijkstra, N.G., Bresser, P., Kramer, H., Rusch, D., bij de Vaate, E.A., Veen, P., Dofferhoff, A., Bruns, M., Terpstra, L.C., Thijs, W., Hassing, R., Huijbens, D.H., Jong, E., Knol, M.J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 31-05-2024 Elsevier Limited
Subjects:	Adult Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Case studies Case-Control Studies Comorbidity Coronary artery disease COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - prevention & control COVID-19 vaccines COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology Diabetes Disease Female Health services Heart diseases Hospitalization Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Hospitals Humans Immunization, Secondary Infections Male Malignancy Middle Aged Netherlands - epidemiology Nursing homes Risk Factors Risk groups SARS-CoV-2 - immunology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Signs and symptoms Statistical analysis Subgroups System effectiveness Vaccination - statistics & numerical data Vaccine efficacy Vaccine Efficacy - statistics & numerical data Vaccines Viral diseases Netherlands
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Summary:	Vaccination remains crucial in reducing COVID-19 hospitalizations and mitigating the strain on healthcare systems. We conducted a multicenter study to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) of primary and booster vaccination against hospitalization and to identify subgroups with reduced VE. From March to July 2021 and October 2021 to January 2022, a test-negative case-control study was conducted in nine Dutch hospitals. The study included adults eligible for COVID-19 vaccination who were hospitalized with respiratory symptoms. Cases tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within 14 days prior to or 48 h after admission, while controls tested negative. Logistic regression was used to calculate VE, adjusting for calendar week, sex, age, nursing home residency and comorbidity. We explored COVID-19 case characteristics and whether there are subgroups with less effective protection by vaccination against COVID-19 hospitalization. Between October 2021 to January 2022, when the Delta variant was dominant, 335 cases and 277 controls were included. VE of primary and booster vaccination was 78 % (95 % CI: 65–86), and 89 % (95 % CI: 69–96), respectively. Using data from both study periods, including 700 cases and 511 controls, VE of primary vaccination was significantly reduced in those aged 60+ and patients with malignancy, chronic cardiac disease or an immunocompromising condition. Although VE against hospitalization was 78% and increased to 89% after boosting during the Delta-dominant study period, VE was lower in certain high risk groups, for which indirect protection or other protective measures might be of added importance.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0264-410X 1873-2518 1873-2518
DOI:	10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.017