How reliable are human hair reference intervals for trace elements?

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of major and trace element concentrations in scalp hair samples from a population group ( N=1091) of Rio de Janeiro city. From these results, preliminary `normal' or reference intervals were calculated which ar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Science of the total environment Vol. 218; no. 1; pp. 9 - 17
Main Authors:	Miekeley, N, Dias Carneiro, M.T.W, Porto da Silveira, C.L
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Shannon Elsevier B.V 11-07-1998 Elsevier Science
Subjects:	Adult Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding Analysis methods Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Biological and medical sciences Brazil Environment. Living conditions Exact sciences and technology Female Hair - chemistry Hair analysis Hair reference intervals Humans ICP-MS Male Mass Spectrometry - methods Mass Spectrometry - standards Mass Spectrometry - statistics & numerical data Medical sciences Metals, Heavy - analysis Pollution Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Reference Standards Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Trace Elements - analysis Brazil Hair analysis ICP-MS Hair reference intervals Trace analysis Human Chemical analysis Biological monitoring Heavy metal Hair (head) Inductively coupled plasma Analysis method Detection limit Air pollution Mass spectrometry Comparative study Public health
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Summary:	Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of major and trace element concentrations in scalp hair samples from a population group ( N=1091) of Rio de Janeiro city. From these results, preliminary `normal' or reference intervals were calculated which are for several trace elements (e.g. B, V, Co, Ge, Mo, Au, As, Se, Sb, Th), but also for some minor elements (e.g. Ca, Mg) in disaccord with data published by five clinical laboratories which used inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The limitations of ICP-AES in routine hair analysis is shown by comparison of detection limits for both methods and by results from two laboratory intercomparison exercises. It is evident from these data that published reference intervals have to be used with extreme caution and that their urgent revision, based on reliable data produced by the ICP-MS technique, is of extreme importance.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0048-9697 1879-1026
DOI:	10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00185-5