Optimal Sphere-Sensor Ratio for Microsphere-Enhanced Photodetector Sensors in Cameras/Telescopes With and Without Central Obscuration

Optimal Sphere-Sensor Ratio for Microsphere-Enhanced Photodetector Sensors in Cameras/Telescopes With and Without Central Obscuration

A microsphere lens on top of a photodetector sensor increases its sensitivity and reduces its Noise-to-Signal Ratio (NSR), as shown in our previous work. This paper discusses a methodology to determine the optimal sphere-sensor ratio, in terms of increased current sensitivity, for microsphere-lens-e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE sensors journal Vol. 20; no. 4; pp. 1851 - 1858
Main Authors: Mack, Peter J., Megherbi, Dalila B., DiZoglio, John Alden, Vakil, M. I., Limberopoulus, N., Urbas, A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 15-02-2020
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Apertures
Cameras
Computer simulation
Lenses
Light sources
Methodology
Microsphere-lens-enhanced photodetectors
Misalignment
Noise reduction
Noise sensitivity
Occultation
optical design techniques
Optical sensors
Optimization
Performance enhancement
photo-detectors
Photodetectors
Photometers
Secondary mirrors
Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity enhancement
Sensors
Telescopes
Wavelengths
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Summary:A microsphere lens on top of a photodetector sensor increases its sensitivity and reduces its Noise-to-Signal Ratio (NSR), as shown in our previous work. This paper discusses a methodology to determine the optimal sphere-sensor ratio, in terms of increased current sensitivity, for microsphere-lens-enhanced photodetectors, using computational analysis including a modeling, with an experimentally derived photo-detector sensor responsivity and simulation setup that emulates conditions generally found within cameras and telescopes. In particular, we study and analyze the effect that several variables have on such ratios. We focus on variables such as microsphere material type, photodetector hardware technology type, light source temperature, and in the case of reflective telescopes, central obscurations from a secondary mirror. Results of the effect of microsphere-sensor misalignment on such ratios are also presented. As we show in this paper, since the optimized ratio is dependent on a given wavenumber considered, therefore the proposed methodology uses an integral optimization over a given spectral band to derive the optimized ratio over that band. Some of our findings show, for the first time, that the optimal ratio is virtually independent of a given central obscuration. Finally, we demonstrate here the flexibility of the proposed methodology in showing performances of microsphere-enhanced photodetector sensors.
ISSN:1530-437X
1558-1748
DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2019.2950177