Longitudinal Impacts of Precision Greenness on Alzheimer’s Disease

Longitudinal Impacts of Precision Greenness on Alzheimer’s Disease

Background The potential for greenness as a novel protective factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) requires further exploration. Objectives This study assesses prospectively and longitudinally the association between precision greenness - greenness measured at the micro-environmental level, defined as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease Vol. 11; no. 3; pp. 710 - 720
Main Authors: Brown, S. C., Aitken, W. W., Lombard, J., Parrish, A., Dewald, J. R., Ma, R., Messinger, S., Liu, S., Nardi, M. I., Rundek, T., Szapocznik, J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 2024
Subjects:
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology
Female
Florida - epidemiology
Geriatrics/Gerontology
Humans
Incidence
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Medicare - statistics & numerical data
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neighborhood Characteristics
Neurology
Original Research
Prospective Studies
Residence Characteristics
United States - epidemiology
Florida
United States
environment
Alzheimer’s disease
greenness
NDVI
prevention
precision
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Summary:Background The potential for greenness as a novel protective factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) requires further exploration. Objectives This study assesses prospectively and longitudinally the association between precision greenness - greenness measured at the micro-environmental level, defined as the Census block - and AD incidence. Design Older adults living in consistently high greenness Census blocks across 2011 and 2016 were compared to those living in consistently low greenness blocks on AD incidence during 2012–2016. Setting Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. Participants 230,738 U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Measurements U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Chronic Condition Algorithm for AD based on ICD-9 codes, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, age, sex, race/ethnicity, neighborhood income, and walkability. Results Older adults living in the consistently high greenness tertile, compared to those in the consistently low greenness tertile, had 16% lower odds of AD incidence (OR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.76–0.94, p=0.0014), adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood income. Age, neighborhood income and walkability moderated greenness’ relationship to odds of AD incidence, such that younger ages (65–74), lower-income, and non-car dependent neighborhoods may benefit most from high greenness. Conclusions High greenness, compared to low greenness, is associated with lower 5-year AD incidence. Residents who are younger and/or who reside in lower-income, walkable neighborhoods may benefit the most from high greenness. These findings suggest that consistently high greenness at the Census block-level, may be associated with reduced odds of AD incidence at a population level.
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ISSN:2274-5807
2426-0266
DOI:10.14283/jpad.2024.38