Characterisation and analysis of persistent organic pollutants and major, minor and trace elements in Calabash chalk

Analysis of Calabash chalk has been done using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pressurised fluid extraction (PFE) followed by gas chromatography (GC) with mass selective detection (MSD). It was found by XRD that the composition of Calabash chalk...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 57; no. 1; pp. 21 - 25
Main Authors:	Dean, J.R, Deary, M.E, Gbefa, B.K, Scott, W.C
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-10-2004 Elsevier
Subjects:	Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding aluminum silicate hydroxide Aluminum Silicates - chemistry Applied sciences Biological and medical sciences Calabash chalk chalk Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases chemical composition Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space edible chalk elements Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) Environment. Living conditions Exact sciences and technology food contamination Gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MSD) Geophagia Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated insecticide residues Insecticides - analysis kaolin Lead - analysis Medical sciences Metallic and non-metallic deposits Metals Metals and various inorganic compounds organochlorine insecticides Persistent organic pollutants pollutants Pollution Pollution sources. Measurement results Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine silicates Soil and sediments pollution Soil Pollutants - analysis Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission Toxicology Trace Elements - analysis traditional foods Useful material except metal geology X-Ray Diffraction Nigeria Gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MSD) Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) Persistent organic pollutants Geophagia Calabash chalk Metals Elementary analysis Human Chemical analysis X ray fluorescence Crystal chemistry Pesticides Soil pollution X ray diffraction Persistent organic pollutant Gas chromatography Trace element Soils Energy dispersion
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Summary:	Analysis of Calabash chalk has been done using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pressurised fluid extraction (PFE) followed by gas chromatography (GC) with mass selective detection (MSD). It was found by XRD that the composition of Calabash chalk was an aluminium silicate hydroxide from the kaolin clay group with the possible formula Al 2Si 2O 5(OH) 4. Multi-elemental analysis by EDXRF was able to quantify 22 elements in Calabash chalk including lead at a mean concentration of approximately 40 mg/kg. A range of persistent organic pollutants were identified and quantified in Calabash chalk including alpha lindane, endrin, endosulphan II and p, p ′-DDD using PFE-GC-MSD.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0045-6535 1879-1298
DOI:	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.023