Efficacy of vaccination during pregnancy in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants younger than 12 months. Puglia (Italy), 2021-23

Efficacy of vaccination during pregnancy in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants younger than 12 months. Puglia (Italy), 2021-23

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against COVID-19 in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants younger than 12 months. The study, conducted at the "Policlinico" University Hospital of Bari, included 3346 newborns and their mothe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics Vol. 20; no. 1; p. 2403831
Main Authors: De Virgilio Suglia, Cesare, Stefanizzi, Pasquale, Graziano, Giusy, Moscara, Lorenza, Delle Fontane, Arianna, Minelli, Martina, Tafuri, Silvio
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Taylor & Francis 31-12-2024
Taylor & Francis Group
Subjects:
Adult
communication
Coronavirus
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Female
hesitancy
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Influenza
Italy - epidemiology
Male
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - prevention & control
pregnant
Retrospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Vaccination - statistics & numerical data
vaccination attitude
Vaccine Efficacy
Italy
hesitancy
SARS-CoV-2
vaccination attitude
communication
Influenza
pregnant
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Summary:This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against COVID-19 in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants younger than 12 months. The study, conducted at the "Policlinico" University Hospital of Bari, included 3346 newborns and their mothers. The study explored the degree of protection offered by maternal vaccination depending on the timing, type, and trimester of vaccination, also taking into account the mother's history of infection. We compared the incidence rate of infection between children of vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers; the values were 10.2% and 18.1%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. The overall effectiveness of the vaccine against the infection was 45%. Further analysis revealed increasing efficacy as the doses of vaccine administered to the mother increased and in case of a previous history of maternal infection. Dual immune stimulation (vaccination and natural infection) was 83% effective in preventing infection among newborns. The multivariable models confirmed the protective effect of vaccination with all types of vaccines used. The analysis of infection's incidence in newborns revealed an interesting temporal trend, with increasing incidence with time, suggesting a possible correlation with the persistence of maternal antibodies or with the gradual weaning. The results on the protective capacity of vaccines are in line with the global literature. Strengths of study include sample size, robust methodology, and multivariate analyses. Institutions could intensify awareness campaigns to encourage both pregnant women and all those who would like to become pregnant to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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ISSN:2164-554X
2164-5515
2164-554X
DOI:10.1080/21645515.2024.2403831