Bioluminescence imaging of stroke-induced endogenous neural stem cell response

Abstract Brain injury following stroke affects neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. However, a complete understanding of the origin and fate of the endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) in vivo is missing. Tools and technology that allow non-invasive imaging and tracking of eNSCs in living anim...

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Published in:	Neurobiology of disease Vol. 69; pp. 144 - 155
Main Authors:	Vandeputte, Caroline, Reumers, Veerle, Aelvoet, Sarah-Ann, Thiry, Irina, De Swaef, Sylvie, Van den Haute, Chris, Pascual-Brazo, Jesus, Farr, Tracy D, Vande Velde, Greetje, Hoehn, Mathias, Himmelreich, Uwe, Van Laere, Koen, Debyser, Zeger, Gijsbers, Rik, Baekelandt, Veerle
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 01-09-2014 Elsevier
Subjects:	Animals Astrocytes - pathology Astrocytes - physiology Bioluminescence imaging Brain - pathology Brain - physiopathology Cell Movement - physiology Cre-Flex lentiviral vector Disease Progression Endogenous neural stem cells Follow-Up Studies Luminescent Measurements - methods Mice, Transgenic Nestin-Cre mice Neural Stem Cells - pathology Neural Stem Cells - physiology Neurogenesis Neurology Neurons - pathology Neurons - physiology Optical Imaging - methods Stroke Stroke - pathology Stroke - physiopathology Time Factors magnetic resonance imaging doublecortin PT MRI Nestin-Cre mice SGZ bioluminescence imaging eNSCs 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine LV lentiviral vector neuronal nuclei OB Fluc Cre-mediated flip-excision SVZ corpus callosum rostral migratory stream CC MCAO subventricular zone olfactory bulb Cre-Flex lentiviral vector Stroke subgranular zone firefly luciferase GFAP photothrombotic NeuN endogenous neural stem cells DCX RMS Cre-Flex positron emission tomography glial fibrillary acidic protein BLI BrdU middle cerebral artery occlusion PET Endogenous neural stem cells Bioluminescence imaging
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Summary:	Abstract Brain injury following stroke affects neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. However, a complete understanding of the origin and fate of the endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) in vivo is missing. Tools and technology that allow non-invasive imaging and tracking of eNSCs in living animals will help to overcome this hurdle. In this study, we aimed to monitor eNSCs in a photothrombotic (PT) stroke model using in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI). In a first strategy, inducible transgenic mice expressing firefly luciferase (Fluc) in the eNSCs were generated. In animals that received stroke, an increased BLI signal originating from the infarct region was observed. However, due to histological limitations, the identity and exact origin of cells contributing to the increased BLI signal could not be revealed. To overcome this limitation, we developed an alternative strategy employing stereotactic injection of conditional lentiviral vectors (Cre-Flex LVs) encoding Fluc and eGFP in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of Nestin-Cre transgenic mice, thereby specifically labeling the eNSCs. Upon induction of stroke, increased eNSC proliferation resulted in a significant increase in BLI signal between 2 days and 2 weeks after stroke, decreasing after 3 months. Additionally, the BLI signal relocalized from the SVZ towards the infarct region during the 2 weeks following stroke. Histological analysis at 90 days post stroke showed that in the peri-infarct area, 36% of labeled eNSC progeny differentiated into astrocytes, while 21% differentiated into mature neurons. In conclusion, we developed and validated a novel imaging technique that unequivocally demonstrates that nestin+ eNSCs originating from the SVZ respond to stroke injury by increased proliferation, migration towards the infarct region and differentiation into both astrocytes and neurons. In addition, this new approach allows non-invasive and specific monitoring of eNSCs over time, opening perspectives for preclinical evaluation of candidate stroke therapeutics.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0969-9961 1095-953X
DOI:	10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.014