Association of Ambient Fine Particles With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in New York City

Cardiovascular morbidity has been associated with particulate matter (PM) air pollution, although the relation between pollutants and sudden death from cardiac arrest has not been established. This study examined associations between out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and fine PM (of aerodynamic diamet...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	American journal of epidemiology Vol. 172; no. 8; pp. 917 - 923
Main Authors:	Silverman, Robert A., Ito, Kazuhiko, Freese, John, Kaufman, Brad J., De Claro, Danilynn, Braun, James, Prezant, David J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cary, NC Oxford University Press 15-10-2010 Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
Subjects:	Adult Age Distribution Aged Air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Airborne particulates Biological and medical sciences Carbon Monoxide - toxicity cardiac Cardiovascular disease Cities death Death, Sudden, Cardiac - epidemiology Death, Sudden, Cardiac - etiology Emergency medical care emergency medical services Environment. Living conditions Epidemiology Female General aspects Humans Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous New York City - epidemiology Nitrogen Dioxide - toxicity Original Contributions Ozone - toxicity particulate matter Particulate Matter - toxicity Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Risk factors Seasons Sex Distribution sudden Sulfur Dioxide - toxicity Temperature New York United States North America America New York City New York City New York USA, New York, New York City Heart Cardiocirculatory arrest Urban environment Acute Mortality Cardiovascular disease Emergency medical service Epidemiology emergency medical services Suspended particle particulate matter Association Health and environment Fine particle sudden Out of hospital Death Air pollution Public health cardiac
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Summary:	Cardiovascular morbidity has been associated with particulate matter (PM) air pollution, although the relation between pollutants and sudden death from cardiac arrest has not been established. This study examined associations between out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and fine PM (of aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm, or PM2.5), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide in New York City. The authors analyzed 8,216 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of primary cardiac etiology during the years 2002–2006. Time-series and case-crossover analyses were conducted, controlling for season, day-of-week, same-day, and delayed/apparent temperature. An increased risk of cardiac arrest in time-series (relative risk (RR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.10) and case-crossover (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.08) analysis for a PM2.5 increase of 10 μg/m3 in the average of 0- and 1-day lags was found. The association was significant in the warm season (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.15) but not the cold season (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.07). Associations of cardiac arrest with other pollutants were weaker. These findings, consistent with studies implicating acute cardiovascular effects of PM, support a link between PM2.5 and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Since few individuals survive an arrest, air pollution control may help prevent future cardiovascular mortality.
Bibliography:	ark:/67375/HXZ-WB5GXK6R-6 istex:86E2145ABA69187A92AD3BEAD21608429B6DF393 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0002-9262 1476-6256
DOI:	10.1093/aje/kwq217