Characterizing lipid constituents of B. moojeni snake venom: a comparative approach for chemical and biological investigations

Snake venoms are complex mixtures majorly composed of proteins with well-studied biological effects. However, the exploration of non-protein components, especially lipids, remains limited despite their potential for discovering bioactive molecules. This study compares three liquid–liquid lipid extra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Archives of toxicology Vol. 98; no. 10; pp. 3491 - 3502
Main Authors:	Carvalho, Nathalia Santos, Nardini, Viviani, Veronezes, Raul Moyses, Maciel, Jéssica Burlamaque, Trabuco, Amanda Cristina, De Carvalho, Mirian Félix, Fontanari, Caroline, Sartim, Marco Aurélio, de Moraes, Luiz Alberto Beraldo, Faccioli, Lúcia Helena
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-10-2024 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Biological activity Biological analysis Biological effects Biologics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Bothrops moojeni Cellular structure Chloroform Constituents Environmental Health Lipids Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Methanol Methods Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Pharmacology/Toxicology Proteins Snakes Structure-function relationships Venom Venom toxins Venomous snakes Lipidomics Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) Venom
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Summary:	Snake venoms are complex mixtures majorly composed of proteins with well-studied biological effects. However, the exploration of non-protein components, especially lipids, remains limited despite their potential for discovering bioactive molecules. This study compares three liquid–liquid lipid extraction methods for both chemical and biological analyses of Bothrops moojeni snake venom. The methods evaluated include the Bligh and Dyer method (methanol, chloroform, water), considered standard; the Acunha method, a modification of the Bligh and Dyer protocol; and the Matyash method (MTBE/methanol/water), featuring an organic phase less dense than the aqueous phase. Lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) system revealed comparable values of lipid constituents’ peak intensity across different extraction methods. Our results show that all methods effectively extracted a similar quantity of lipid species, yielding approximately 17–18 subclasses per method. However, the Matyash and Acunha methods exhibited notably higher proportions of biologically active lipids compared to the Bligh and Dyer method, particularly in extracting lipid species crucial for cellular structure and function, such as sphingomyelins and phosphatidylinositol-phosphate. In conclusion, when selecting a lipid extraction method, it is essential to consider the study's objectives. For a biological approach, it is crucial to evaluate not only the total quantity of extracted lipids but also their quality and biological activity. The Matyash and Acunha methods show promise in this regard, potentially offering a superior option for extracting biologically active lipids compared to the Bligh and Dyer method.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0340-5761 1432-0738 1432-0738
DOI:	10.1007/s00204-024-03809-z