The greening-causing agent alters the behavioral and electrophysiological responses of the Asian citrus psyllid to a putative sex pheromone

The Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri , is a vector of the pathological bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which causes the most devastating disease to the citrus industry worldwide, known as greening or huanglongbing (HLB). Earlier field tests with an acetic acid-based l...

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Published in:	Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 455
Main Authors:	Volpe, Haroldo X. L., Carmo-Sousa, Michele, Luvizotto, Rejane A. G., de Freitas, Renato, Esperança, Victoria, Darolt, Josiane C., Pegoraro, Abner A. L., Magalhães, Diego M., Favaris, Arodi P., Wulff, Nelson A., Miranda, Marcelo P., Bento, José Maurício S., Leal, Walter S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 03-01-2024 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	631/158 631/158/2456 Acetates Acetic acid Animals Brazil Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Citrus - microbiology Citrus fruits Citrus sinensis Diaphorina citri Female Field tests Fruits Hemiptera - physiology Humanities and Social Sciences Infections Invasive insects Male Males multidisciplinary Orchards Plant bacterial diseases Plant Diseases - microbiology Rhizobiaceae - physiology Science Science (multidisciplinary) Sex Attractants - pharmacology Sex pheromone Wolbachia Brazil
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Summary:	The Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri , is a vector of the pathological bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which causes the most devastating disease to the citrus industry worldwide, known as greening or huanglongbing (HLB). Earlier field tests with an acetic acid-based lure in greening-free, ‘Valencia’ citrus orange groves in California showed promising results. The same type of lures tested in São Paulo, Brazil, showed unsettling results. During the unsuccessful trials, we noticed a relatively large proportion of females in the field, ultimately leading us to test field-collected males and females for Wolbachia and CLas. The results showed high rates of Wolbachia and CLas infection in field populations. We then compared the olfactory responses of laboratory-raised, CLas-free, and CLas-infected males to acetic acid. As previously reported, CLas-uninfected males responded to acetic acid at 1 µg. Surprisingly, CLas-infected males required 50 × higher doses of the putative sex pheromone, thus explaining the failure to capture CLas-infected males in the field. CLas infection was also manifested in electrophysiological responses. Electroantennogram responses from CLas-infected ACP males were significantly higher than those obtained with uninfected males. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a pathogen infection affecting a vector’s response to a sex attractant.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-023-50983-8