Spectroscopy of Tm3+-doped CaF2 waveguiding thin films grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy

Thulium-doped calcium fluoride (Tm:CaF2) single-crystalline films are grown on (100)-oriented undoped bulk CaF2 substrates by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) using LiF as a solvent. Their spectroscopic properties are studied in details. For ~2 at.% Tm-doped films, the active ions are predominantly isolat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of luminescence Vol. 238; p. 118109
Main Authors:	Loiko, Pavel, Brasse, Gurvan, Basyrova, Liza, Benayad, Abdelmjid, Doualan, Jean-Louis, Meroni, Cesare, Braud, Alain, Dunina, Elena, Kornienko, Alexey, Baranov, Mikhail, Daniil, Gozhalskii, Camy, Patrice
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 01-10-2021 Elsevier
Subjects:	Calcium fluoride Condensed Matter Liquid phase epitaxy Luminescence Materials Science Optical spectroscopy Optics Physics Raman spectra Thulium ions Liquid phase epitaxy Raman spectra Optical spectroscopy Thulium ions Luminescence Calcium fluoride
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Summary:	Thulium-doped calcium fluoride (Tm:CaF2) single-crystalline films are grown on (100)-oriented undoped bulk CaF2 substrates by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) using LiF as a solvent. Their spectroscopic properties are studied in details. For ~2 at.% Tm-doped films, the active ions are predominantly isolated and are located in oxygen-assisted trigonal sites, C3v(T2). With increasing the Tm doping level, ion clustering is promoted but it is slowed down as compared to bulk crystals. For ~6 at.% Tm-doped films, the majority of active ions form clusters resulting in a “glassy-like” spectroscopic behavior (smooth and broad spectral bands). For such layers, the maximum stimulated-emission cross-section for the 3F4 → 3H6 transition is 0.14 × 10−20 cm2 at 1856 nm, the luminescence lifetime of the 3F4 state is 21.70 ms and the emission bandwidth exceeds 180 nm. The transition probabilities of Tm3+ ions are determined using the Judd-Ofelt theory. The waveguiding properties of the Tm:CaF2 films are confirmed. Highly-doped Tm:CaF2 epitaxial films are promising for waveguide lasers at ~2 μm. •Tm:CaF2 waveguiding films are grown on CaF2 substrates by Liquid Phase Epitaxy.•Spectroscopic evidence of oxygen-assisted trigonal sites C3v(T2) for Tm3+ ions.•Tm3+ ion clustering is slowed down in epitaxial films as compared to single-crystals.•For highly-doped films, the luminescence lifetime of the 3F4 state reaches 21.70 ms.•The transition probabilities of Tm3+ ions are determined using the Judd-Ofelt theory.
ISSN:	0022-2313 1872-7883
DOI:	10.1016/j.jlumin.2021.118109