Improving the Bio-Oil Quality of Residual Biomass Pyrolysis by Chemical Activation: Effect of Alkalis and Acid Pre-Treatment

Improving the Bio-Oil Quality of Residual Biomass Pyrolysis by Chemical Activation: Effect of Alkalis and Acid Pre-Treatment

In this study, we investigated the acid (HCl) and alkali (KOH) chemical activation of açaí seeds (Euterpe Oleraceae, Mart.) pre-treatment before pyrolysis at temperatures of 350–450 °C in order to assess how reactions proceed when affected by temperature. Chemical composition of bio-oil and aqueous...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) Vol. 16; no. 7; p. 3162
Main Authors: Daniel Valdez, Gérson, Valois, Flávio, Bremer, Sammy, Bezerra, Kelly, Hamoy Guerreiro, Lauro, Santos, Marcelo, Bernar, Lucas, Feio, Waldeci, Moreira, Luiz, Mendonça, Neyson, de Castro, Douglas, Duvoisin, Sergio, Borges, Luiz, Machado, Nélio
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-03-2023
Subjects:
acidity
Acids
Alcohols
Alkalis
Alternative energy sources
açaí seeds
Biomass
Carboxylic acids
Catalytic cracking
chemical activation
Chemical composition
Chemical reactions
Chemistry
Fixed bed reactors
Hydrocarbons
Ketones
Laboratories
Lignin
liquid hydrocarbons
Oil
Organic acids
Phenols
Pretreatment
Pyrolysis
Renewable resources
Seeds
Sludge
X-ray diffraction
Brazil
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Summary:In this study, we investigated the acid (HCl) and alkali (KOH) chemical activation of açaí seeds (Euterpe Oleraceae, Mart.) pre-treatment before pyrolysis at temperatures of 350–450 °C in order to assess how reactions proceed when affected by temperature. Chemical composition of bio-oil and aqueous phase were determined by GC-MS and FT-IR. The bio-char is characterized by XRD. For the activation with KOH, the XRD analysis identified the presence of Kalicinite (KHCO3), the dominant crystalline phase in bio-char, while an amorphous phase was identified in bio-chars for the activation with HCl. The experiments have shown that bio-oil yield increases with temperature for the KOH activated biomass and decreases for the acid activated one. The KOH bio-oil is primarily composed of alcohols and ketones, showing the lowest acid values when compared with the HCl one, which is composed mainly of carboxylic acids and phenols. An increase in alcohol content and a decrease in ketones in the KOH bio-oil with temperature suggests conversion reactions between these two functions. For HCl bio-oil, carboxylic acid concentration increases with temperature while phenols decrease. For production of hydrocarbons, KOH activated biomass pyrolysis is better than acid-activated one, since no hydrocarbons were produced for HCl bio-oil.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en16073162