Pisa Syndrome Secondary to Drugs: A Scope Review

Pisa Syndrome Secondary to Drugs: A Scope Review

Pisa syndrome, also known as pleurothotonus, is a neurological condition characterized by more than ten degrees of constant lateral curvature of the spine when upright. In this way, the present manuscript aims to systematically review Pisa syndrome secondary to drugs. Two reviewers identified and as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geriatrics (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 4; p. 100
Main Authors: Pitton Rissardo, Jamir, Murtaza Vora, Nilofar, Danaf, Naseeb, Ramesh, Saivignesh, Shariff, Sanobar, Fornari Caprara, Ana Letícia
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30-07-2024
MDPI
Subjects:
Antipsychotic drugs
Antipsychotics
Causes of
Complications and side effects
Diagnosis
Disease
drug induced
Drugs
Dystonia
Enzyme inhibitors
extrapyramidal symptom
Females
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Movement disorders
Nervous system
Nervous system diseases
Older people
Patients
Pisa syndrome
pleurothotonus
Posture
Posture disorders
Psychotropic drugs
Quality of life
Review
Scoliosis
Statistical analysis
tardive dyskinesia
United States
movement disorder
pleurothotonus
dystonia
extrapyramidal symptom
drug induced
Pisa syndrome
tardive dyskinesia
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Summary:Pisa syndrome, also known as pleurothotonus, is a neurological condition characterized by more than ten degrees of constant lateral curvature of the spine when upright. In this way, the present manuscript aims to systematically review Pisa syndrome secondary to drugs. Two reviewers identified and assessed relevant reports in six databases without language restriction between January 1990 and June 2024. The prevalence of Pisa syndrome varied from 0.037 to 9.3%. We found 109 articles containing 191 cases of drug-induced Pisa syndrome reported in the literature. The mean and median ages were 59.70 (SD = 19.02) and 67 (range = 12-98 years). The most prevalent sex was female, 56.91% (107/188). The most frequent medications associated with Pisa syndrome were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in 87 individuals. Of 112 individuals in which the onset time from the medication to the movement disorder occurrence was reported, 59 took place within a month. In this way, a return to baseline was observed in 45.50% of the cases, and partial recovery was observed in 14.28%. We proposed new diagnostic criteria for Pisa syndrome based on previous findings in the literature. Moreover, multiple mechanisms are probably involved in balance control and the development of lateral trunk flexions.
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ISSN:2308-3417
2308-3417
DOI:10.3390/geriatrics9040100