Effects of realistic concentrations of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in Prochilodus lineatus juvenile fish

The impact of nanoparticles on fish health is still a matter of debate, since nanotechnology is quite recent. In this study, freshwater benthonic juvenile fish Prochilodus lineatus were exposed through water to three concentrations of TiO₂ (0.1, 1, and 10 μg l⁻¹) and ZnO (7, 70, and 700 μg l⁻¹) nano...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 23; no. 6; pp. 5179 - 5188
Main Authors:	Miranda, R. R, Damaso da Silveira, A. L. R, de Jesus, I. P, Grötzner, S. R, Voigt, C. L, Campos, S. X, Garcia, J. R. E, Randi, M. A. F, Ribeiro, C. A. Oliveira, Filipak Neto, F
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-03-2016 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	acetylcholinesterase Animals Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Biomarkers brain Cytotoxicity Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Experiments Fish fish health Fishes Fresh Water freshwater Freshwater fish gills Gills - drug effects Gills - metabolism hyperplasia juveniles Laboratories leukocytes Liver Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Metal concentrations Metal Nanoparticles - toxicity Metal oxides mortality muscles Nanoparticles Nanotechnology necrosis Neurotoxicity Organisms Oxidative stress Particle size Prochilodus lineatus Proteins Research Article Studies subchronic exposure Titanium - toxicity Titanium dioxide Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Water Pollution Control zinc oxide Zinc Oxide - toxicity Oxidative stress Fish Cytotoxicity Neurotoxicity Metal oxide nanoparticle
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Summary:	The impact of nanoparticles on fish health is still a matter of debate, since nanotechnology is quite recent. In this study, freshwater benthonic juvenile fish Prochilodus lineatus were exposed through water to three concentrations of TiO₂ (0.1, 1, and 10 μg l⁻¹) and ZnO (7, 70, and 700 μg l⁻¹) nanoparticles, as well as to a mixture of both (TiO₂ 1 μg l⁻¹ + ZnO 70 μg l⁻¹) for 5 and 30 days. Nanoparticle characterization revealed an increase of aggregate size in the function of concentration, but suspensions were generally stable. Fish mortality was high at subchronic exposure to 70 and 700 μg l⁻¹ of ZnO. Nanoparticle exposure led to decreased acetylcholinesterase activity either in the muscle or in the brain, depending on particle composition (muscle—TiO₂ 10 μg l⁻¹; brain—ZnO 7 and 700 μg l⁻¹), and protein oxidative damage increased in the brain (ZnO 70 μg l⁻¹) and gills (ZnO 70 μg l⁻¹ and mixture) but not in the liver. Exposed fish had more frequent alterations in the liver (necrosis, vascular congestion, leukocyte infiltration, and basophilic foci) and gills (hyperplasia and epithelial damages, e.g., epithelial disorganization and epithelial loss) than the control fish. Thus, predicted concentrations of TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles caused detectable effects on P. lineatus that may have important consequences to fish health. But, these effects are much more subtle than those usually reported in the scientific literature for high concentrations or doses of metal nanoparticles.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5732-8
ISSN:	0944-1344 1614-7499
DOI:	10.1007/s11356-015-5732-8