Chlorination of Microcystis aeruginosa: Toxin release and oxidation, cellular chlorine demand and disinfection by-products formation

Direct chlorination of toxic cyanobacteria cells can occur at various stages of treatment. The objectives of this work are to determine and model the extent of Microcystis aeruginosa cells lysis, toxins and organic compounds release and oxidation, and quantify the subsequent disinfection by-products...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Water research (Oxford) Vol. 47; no. 3; pp. 1080 - 1090
Main Authors:	Zamyadi, Arash, Fan, Yan, Daly, Rob I., Prévost, Michèle
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-03-2013 Elsevier
Subjects:	Applied sciences Byproducts cell suspension culture Cellular Chlorination Chlorination kinetics Chlorine Chlorine - metabolism Chlorine demand Cyanobacteria Cyanotoxins Demand detection limit disinfection Disinfection - methods Disinfection by-products Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination Exact sciences and technology haloacetic acids Marketing Microcystis - metabolism Microcystis aeruginosa Oxidation Oxidation-Reduction Pollution reaction kinetics toxicity Toxins Water Microbiology Water treatment and pollution World Health Organization Canada Alberta North America America Chlorination kinetics Disinfection by-products Chlorine demand Cyanobacteria Cyanotoxins Drinking water treatment Water treatment Microcystis aeruginosa Chlorination Reaction product Pollutant formation Microcystin Disinfection Secondary pollutant Modeling Toxin Microbial origin Aminoacid Bacteria Oxidation Hepatotoxicity
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Summary:	Direct chlorination of toxic cyanobacteria cells can occur at various stages of treatment. The objectives of this work are to determine and model the extent of Microcystis aeruginosa cells lysis, toxins and organic compounds release and oxidation, and quantify the subsequent disinfection by-products formation. Chlorine exposure (CT) values of 296 and 100 mg min/L were required to obtain 76% cell lysis and oxidation of released cell-bound toxins at levels below the provisional World Health Organisation guideline value (1 μg/L MC-LR). Toxin oxidation rates were similar or faster than cell lysis rates in ultrapure water. This work presents much needed unit M. aeruginosa cellular chlorine demand (5.6 ± 0.2 pgCl2/cell) which could be used to adjust the chlorination capacity to satisfy the total chlorine demand associated with the presence of cells. Furthermore, a novel successive reaction kinetics model is developed using the kinetics of the chlorine reaction with cyanobacterial cells and cell-bound toxins. Chlorination of dense cell suspensions (500,000 cells/mL) in ultrapure water at CT up to 3051 mg min/L resulted in modest concentrations of trihalomethanes (13 μg/L) and haloacetic acids (below detection limit). [Display omitted] ► Cumulative chlorine demand per number of lysed cells equals 5.6 ± 0.2 pgCl2/cell. ► Significant influence of cellular debris on estimation of chlorination kinetics. ► Successive reaction kinetics modeling of toxins release-oxidation in chlorination. ► Modest contribution of high cell numbers to disinfection by-product precursors pool.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.031 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0043-1354 1879-2448
DOI:	10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.031