A noninvasive complementary study of an Egyptian polychrome cartonnage pigments using SEM, EPMA, and Raman spectroscopy

A noninvasive complementary study of an Egyptian polychrome cartonnage pigments using SEM, EPMA, and Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to study pigments on an Egyptian cartonnage from the Ptolemaic period (305–30 bc). The surface morphology of each color region was examined using backscattering (BS) and seco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Surface and interface analysis Vol. 52; no. 11; pp. 755 - 769
Main Authors: Gard, Faramarz S., Santos, Diego M., Daizo, María B., Mijares, José L., Bozzano, Patricia B., Danón, Claudio A., Reinoso, María, Halac, Emilia B.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Bognor Regis Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-11-2020
Subjects:
Arsenic trisulfide
Backscattering
Chemical analysis
Egyptian cartonnage
Electron imaging
Electron probe microanalysis
EPMA
Fragments
Microscopes
Morphology
Optical microscopy
pigment
Pigments
Raman spectroscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
SEM
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Summary:Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to study pigments on an Egyptian cartonnage from the Ptolemaic period (305–30 bc). The surface morphology of each color region was examined using backscattering (BS) and secondary electron imaging. SEM X‐ray energy dispersive spectrometry and EPMA wavelength dispersive spectroscopy provided semiquantitative chemical analysis of each pigment. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the minerals associated with the pigments. This technique confirmed the presence of cinnabar (α‐HgS) in the red part of the fragments. A mixture of orpiment (As2S3) and bonazziite (β‐As4S4) and/or alacránite (As8S9) was detected in the yellow regions of the fragments. The orange pigment was confirmed to be a mixture of orpiment, uzonite (χ‐As4S5), and pararealgar (As4S4). Egyptian blue (CaCuSi4O10) and Egyptian green ((Cu,Ca)SiO3) pigments were detected from blue/green dark‐colored regions of the fragments.
ISSN:0142-2421
1096-9918
DOI:10.1002/sia.6866