Simulated Microgravity Induces the Proliferative Inhibition and Morphological Changes in Porcine Granulosa Cells

Astronauts are always faced with serious health problems during prolonged spaceflights. Previous studies have shown that weightlessness significantly affects the physiological function of female astronauts, including a change in reproductive hormones and ovarian cells, such as granulosa and theca ce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Current issues in molecular biology Vol. 43; no. 3; pp. 2210 - 2219
Main Authors:	Dai, Truong Xuan, Son, Hoang Nghia, Chi, Ho Nguyen Quynh, Huy, Hoang Nghia Quang, Minh, Nguyen Thai, Tram, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Huyen, Nguyen Thi Thuong, Quan, To Minh, Chung, Doan Chinh, Nhung, Truong Hai, Minh, Tran Thi, Diem, Tran Hong, Mai, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Long, Le Thanh
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI 10-12-2021 MDPI AG
Subjects:	Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism Animals Biomarkers Cell Cycle cell cycle proteins cell morphology Cell Proliferation Cells, Cultured Female Granulosa Cells - cytology Granulosa Cells - physiology porcine granulosa cells proliferation simulated microgravity Swine Weightlessness Weightlessness Simulation cell cycle proteins cell morphology proliferation simulated microgravity porcine granulosa cells
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Summary:	Astronauts are always faced with serious health problems during prolonged spaceflights. Previous studies have shown that weightlessness significantly affects the physiological function of female astronauts, including a change in reproductive hormones and ovarian cells, such as granulosa and theca cells. However, the effects of microgravity on these cells have not been well characterized, especially in granulosa cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on the proliferation and morphology of porcine granulosa cells (pGCs). pGC proliferation from the SMG group was inhibited, demonstrated by the reduced O.D. value and cell density in the WST-1 assay and cell number counting. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited an increased ratio of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decreased ratio of cells in the S and G2/M phase. Western blot analysis indicated a down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (cdk6), leading to the prevention of the G1-S transition and inducing the arrest phase. pGCs under the SMG condition showed an increase in nuclear area. This caused a reduction in nuclear shape value in pGCs under the SMG condition. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited different morphologies, including fibroblast-like shape, rhomboid shape, and pebble-like shape. These results revealed that SMG inhibited proliferation and induced morphological changes in pGCs.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:	1467-3045 1467-3037 1467-3045
DOI:	10.3390/cimb43030155