Human trophoblast cells express CD4 and are permissive for productive infection with HIV‐1

Human trophoblast cells express CD4 and are permissive for productive infection with HIV‐1

SUMMARY The European collaborative study of HIV‐infected pregnant women in Europe now indicates a 13% risk of fetal HIV infection (originally thought to be about 30%, and possibly higher in some countries). Several reports suggest trans‐placental passage. However, the detailed mechanisms associated...

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Published in:Clinical and experimental immunology Vol. 88; no. 1; pp. 10 - 16
Main Authors: DAVID, F. J. E., AUTRAN, B., TRAN, H. C., MENU, E., RAPHAEL, M., DEBRE, P., HSI, B. L., WEGMAN, T. G., BARRE‐SINOUSSI, F., CHAOUAT, G.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-04-1992
Blackwell
Subjects:
AIDS/HIV
Biological and medical sciences
CD4
CD4 Antigens - analysis
CD4 Antigens - physiology
Cells, Cultured
Fcgamma receptors HIV infection culture system
Female
HIV-1 - growth & development
human placenta
Humans
Immunodeficiencies
Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies
Immunopathology
Medical sciences
Pregnancy
Receptors, Fc - analysis
trophoblasts
Trophoblasts - immunology
Trophoblasts - microbiology
vertical transmission
Human
Immunohistochemistry
Trophoblaste
Immunopathology
Retroviridae
AIDS
Molecular interaction
Activation
Hemopathy
Infection
Virus
Placenta
Fc-Fragment
Vertical propagation
Viral disease
Lentivirinae
Human immunodeficiency virus
Woman
Biological receptor
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Summary:SUMMARY The European collaborative study of HIV‐infected pregnant women in Europe now indicates a 13% risk of fetal HIV infection (originally thought to be about 30%, and possibly higher in some countries). Several reports suggest trans‐placental passage. However, the detailed mechanisms associated with such vertical transmission have not yet been clarified. We have examined the possibility that HIV enters placental tissue from maternal blood via binding to CD4 and Fc receptors (FcR) at the trophoblast level, allowing intraplaccntal infection. Here we report the detection of several FcR with distinct localization in the placental villus as well as CD4 surface expression on human trophoblast cells. In addition, we show that trophoblastic cells interact specifically with the gp120/gp160 viral envelope protein. By their tissue localization, these receptors could be responsible for the entry of HIV into the fetal placental cells. Furthermore, purified placental cells can be directly infected by HIV in vitro, and the infection is inhibited by soluble CD4. This suggests a crucial role of the CD4 receptor but an additional way of entry cannot be excluded. Such an in vitro model may be suitable for further studies concerning placental HIV transmission and its prevention.
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ISSN:0009-9104
1365-2249
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb03031.x