Nanoemulsions containing amphotericin b and paromomycin for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

•Nanosystem with clove oil, Poloxamer® 407, amphotericin b and paromomycin.•Optimization the formulations using an experimental design.•Nanoemulsion was stable for one year.•Nanoemulsion showed the same activity than free AmB against amastigotes of L. amazonensis.•Nanoemulsion showed a higher activi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Acta tropica Vol. 254; p. 107189
Main Authors:	Cunha, Nicolas Fontenele Callipo, de Siqueira, Luciana Betzler de Oliveira, Garcia, Andreza Raposo, Rodrigues, Igor Almeida, Matos, Ana Paula dos Santos, Júnior, Eduardo Ricci, Monteiro, Mariana Sato de Souza Bustamante
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-06-2024
Subjects:	Amphotericin b Cutaneous leishmaniasis Nanoemulsion Paromomycin Cutaneous leishmaniasis Amphotericin b Paromomycin Nanoemulsion
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Summary:	•Nanosystem with clove oil, Poloxamer® 407, amphotericin b and paromomycin.•Optimization the formulations using an experimental design.•Nanoemulsion was stable for one year.•Nanoemulsion showed the same activity than free AmB against amastigotes of L. amazonensis.•Nanoemulsion showed a higher activity than free PM against amastigotes of L. amazonensis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease characterized by skin lesions that can evolve into high-magnitude ulcerated lesions. Thus, this study aimed to develop an innovative nanoemulsion (NE) with clove oil, Poloxamer® 407, and multiple drugs, such as amphotericin B (AmB) and paromomycin (PM), for use in the topical treatment of CL. Methods: Droplet size, morphology, drug content, stability, in vitro release profile, in vitro cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophages, and antileishmanial activity using axenic amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis were assessed for NEs. Results: After optimizing the formulation parameters, such as the concentration of clove oil and drugs, using an experimental design, it was possible to obtain a NE with an average droplet size of 40 nm and a polydispersion index of 0.3, and these parameters were maintained throughout the 365 days. Furthermore, the NE showed stability of AmB and PM content for 180 days under refrigeration (4 °C), presented a pH compatible with the skin, and released modified AmB and PM. NE showed the same toxicity as free AmB and higher toxicity than free PM against RAW 264.7 macrophages. The same activity as free AmB, and higher activity than free PM against amastigotes L. amazonensis. Conclusion: It is possible to develop a NE for the treatment of CL; however, complementary studies regarding the antileishmanial activity of NE should be carried out. [Display omitted]
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0001-706X 1873-6254
DOI:	10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107189