Tobacco Smoking or Nicotine Phenotype and Severity of Clinical Presentation at the Emergency Department (SMOPHED): Protocol for a Noninterventional Observational Study

In the last few years, several nicotine products have become available as alternatives to smoking tobacco. While laboratory and limited clinical studies suggest that these devices are less toxic compared to classic tobacco cigarettes, very little is known about their epidemiological impact. Visiting...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	JMIR research protocols Vol. 13; p. e54041
Main Authors:	Campagna, Davide, Farsalinos, Konstantinos, Costantino, Giorgio, Carpinteri, Giuseppe, Caponnetto, Pasquale, Cucuzza, Francesca, Polosa, Riccardo
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Canada JMIR Publications 24-04-2024
Subjects:	Adult Blood pressure Disease Electronic cigarettes Emergency medical care Emergency Service, Hospital - statistics & numerical data Ethics Female Genotype & phenotype Health risk assessment Health risks Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Humans Informed consent Male Middle Aged Nicotine Nicotine - adverse effects Observational studies Observational Studies as Topic Oxygen saturation Patients Phenotype Physiology Protocol Questionnaires Severity of Illness Index Smoking cessation Teaching hospitals Tobacco Tobacco Smoking - adverse effects Tobacco Smoking - epidemiology Vital signs heated tobacco products nicotine/tobacco use NEWS electronic cigarettes smoking National Early Warning Score emergency department
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Summary:	In the last few years, several nicotine products have become available as alternatives to smoking tobacco. While laboratory and limited clinical studies suggest that these devices are less toxic compared to classic tobacco cigarettes, very little is known about their epidemiological impact. Visiting the emergency department (ED) often represents the first or even the only contact of patients with the health care system. Therefore, a study conducted at the ED to assess the impact of these products on health can be reliable and reflect a real-life setting. The aim of this noninterventional observational study (SMOPHED study) is to analyze the association between the severity of clinical presentation observed during ED visits among patients using various nicotine products and the subsequent outcomes, specifically hospitalization and mortality. Outcomes (hospitalization and mortality in the ED) will be examined in relation to various patterns of nicotine products use. We plan to enroll approximately 2000 participants during triage at the ED. These individuals will be characterized based on their patterns of tobacco and nicotine consumption, identified through a specific questionnaire. This categorization will allow for a detailed analysis of how different usage patterns of nicotine products correlate with the clinical diagnosis made during the ED visits and the consequent outcomes. Enrollment into the study started in March 2024. We enrolled a total of 901 participants in 1 month (approximately 300 potential participants did not provide the informed consent to participate). The data will be analyzed by a statistician as soon as the database is completed. Full data will be published by December 2024. There is substantial debate about the harm reduction potential of alternative nicotine products in terms of their smoking-cessation and risk-reduction potential. This study represents an opportunity to document epidemiological data on the link between the use of different types of nicotine products and disease diagnosis and severity during an ED visit, and thus evaluate the harm reduction potential claims for these products. PRR1-10.2196/54041.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1929-0748 1929-0748
DOI:	10.2196/54041