Host–virus interaction and viral evasion

Host–virus interaction and viral evasion

With each infectious pandemic or outbreak, the medical community feels the need to revisit basic concepts of immunology to understand and overcome the difficult times brought about by these infections. Regarding viruses, they have historically been responsible for many deaths, and such a peculiarity...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell biology international Vol. 45; no. 6; pp. 1124 - 1147
Main Authors: Strumillo, Scheilla T., Kartavykh, Denis, Carvalho , Fábio F., Cruz, Nicolly C., Souza Teodoro, Ana C., Diaz, Ricardo, Curcio, Marli F.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-06-2021
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:
Adaptive immunity
Antioxidants
Antiviral agents
Cell activation
cytokines
Homeostasis
Immune response
immunity
immunology
Infections
interleukins
Intracellular
Metabolic pathways
Metabolism
Oxidative stress
Pandemics
Review
Reviews
Viral diseases
Viral infections
Viruses
viruses
cytokines
immunity
immunology
oxidative stress
interleukins
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Summary:With each infectious pandemic or outbreak, the medical community feels the need to revisit basic concepts of immunology to understand and overcome the difficult times brought about by these infections. Regarding viruses, they have historically been responsible for many deaths, and such a peculiarity occurs because they are known to be obligate intracellular parasites that depend upon the host's cell machinery for their replication. Successful infection with the production of essential viral components requires constant viral evolution as a strategy to manipulate the cellular environment, including host internal factors, the host's nonspecific and adaptive immune responses to viruses, the metabolic and energetic state of the infected cell, and changes in the intracellular redox environment during the viral infection cycle. Based on this knowledge, it is fundamental to develop new therapeutic strategies for controlling viral dissemination, by means of antiviral therapies, vaccines, or antioxidants, or by targeting the inhibition or activation of cell signaling pathways or metabolic pathways that are altered during infection. The rapid recovery of altered cellular homeostasis during viral infection is still a major challenge. Here, we review the strategies by which viruses evade the host's immune response and potential tools used to develop more specific antiviral therapies to cure, control, or prevent viral diseases.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1065-6995
1095-8355
DOI:10.1002/cbin.11565