Mevalonosomes: specific vacuoles containing the mevalonate pathway in Plocamium brasiliense cortical cells (Rhodophyta)

This paper has identified, for the first time in a member of the Rhodophyta, a vacuolar organelle containing enzymes that are involved in the mevalonate pathway—an important step in red algal isoprenoid biosynthesis. These organelles were named mevalonosomes (Mev) and were found in the cortical cell...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of phycology Vol. 51; no. 2; pp. 225 - 235
Main Authors:	Paradas, Wladimir Costa, Crespo, Thalita Mendes, Salgado, Leonardo Tavares, Andrade, Leonardo Rodrigues, Soares, Angélica Ribeiro, Hellio, Claire, Paranhos, Ricardo Rogers, Hill, Lilian Jorge, Souza, Geysa Marinho, Kelecom, Alphonse Germaine Albert Charles, Da Gama, Bernardo Antônio Perez, Pereira, Renato Crespo, Amado‐Filho, Gilberto Menezes, Raven, J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Phycological Society of America 01-04-2015 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley
Subjects:	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase antifouling activity bacteria Biodiversity and Ecology biofouling biosynthesis chemical defense cortical cell cytochemistry Cylindrotheca Environmental Sciences halogenated monoterpenes Halomonas marina hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase macroalgae metabolites mevalonate pathway mevalonosome microalgae monoterpenoids mussels osmiophilic bodies Perna perna Plocamium Plocamium brasiliense Polaribacter irgensii Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii Shewanella putrefaciens thallus transmission electron microscopy vacuoles Vibrio aestuarianus chemical defense halogenated monoterpenes osmiophilic bodies Plocamium brasiliense antifouling activity mevalonosome cortical cell cytochemistry 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase mevalonate pathway ACL
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Summary:	This paper has identified, for the first time in a member of the Rhodophyta, a vacuolar organelle containing enzymes that are involved in the mevalonate pathway—an important step in red algal isoprenoid biosynthesis. These organelles were named mevalonosomes (Mev) and were found in the cortical cells (CC) of Plocamium brasiliense, a marine macroalgae that synthesizes several halogenated monoterpenes. P. brasiliense specimens were submitted to a cytochemical analysis of the activity of the 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase (HMGS). Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we confirmed the presence of HMGS activity within the Mev. Because HMGS is necessary for the biosynthesis of halogenated monoterpenes, we isolated a hexanic fraction (HF) rich in halogenated monoterpenes from P. brasiliense that contained a pentachlorinated monoterpene as a major metabolite. Because terpenes are often related to chemical defense, the antifouling (AF) activity of pentachlorinated monoterpene was tested. We found that the settlement of the mussel Perna perna was reduced by HF treatment (2.25 times less than control; 40% and 90% of fouled surface, respectively; P = 0.001; F₉,₉ = 1.13). The HF (at 10 μg · mL⁻¹) also inhibited three species of fouling microalgae (Chlorarachnion reptans, Cylindrotheca cloisterium, and Exanthemachrysis gayraliae), while at a higher concentration (50 μg · mL⁻¹), it inhibited the bacteria Halomonas marina, Polaribacter irgensii, Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Vibrio aestuarianus. The AF activity of P. brasiliense halogenated monoterpenes and the localization of HMGS activity inside Mev suggest that this cellular structure found in CC may play a role in thallus protection against biofouling.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12270 ark:/67375/WNG-WZK5F0KZ-4 istex:BC1193BC9B9039029237C5150B436B305A655AD9 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ArticleID:JPY12270 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0022-3646 1529-8817
DOI:	10.1111/jpy.12270