The role of plant-based dietary patterns in reducing COVID-19 risk and/or severity in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Plant-based dietary patterns (PBDs) might protect against COVID-19 risk and reduce severity of infection. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between PBDs and risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and/or mortality, in...

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Published in:	Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Vol. 43; no. 7; pp. 1657 - 1666
Main Authors:	Papadaki, Angeliki, Coy, Eimear Mc, Anastasilakis, Dimitrios A., Peradze, Natia, Mantzoros, Christos S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-07-2024
Subjects:	Adult COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - prevention & control Diet, Vegetarian Dietary Patterns Female Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Humans Intensive Care Units Male Meta-analysis Middle Aged Observational Studies as Topic Plant-based dietary patterns Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Severity of Illness Index Systematic review COVID-19 Plant-based dietary patterns Systematic review Meta-analysis
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Summary:	Plant-based dietary patterns (PBDs) might protect against COVID-19 risk and reduce severity of infection. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between PBDs and risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and/or mortality, in adults. Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for observational studies, published in English up to 3rd April 2023, comparing the highest with the lowest adherence to a specific PBD. Data were screened, extracted, and risk of bias assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, by independent reviewers. Seven studies (one cross-sectional, three case–control, and three prospective cohort), reporting on 649,315 participants, were eligible. Across them, there were 8512 events of COVID-19 infection (six studies), and 206 events of COVID-19 hospitalization (four studies), in addition to one study reporting on a composite hospitalization outcome (740 events). The pooled analysis showed that PBDs are associated with a 59% (odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.23–0.59; two studies) and 18% (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.78–0.85; three studies) reduction in COVID-19 infection risk in case–control and cohort studies, respectively. The pooled analysis of one case–control and two cohort studies showed an inverse association between high adherence to a PBD and risk of COVID-19 hospitalization (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.04–0.72). Findings suggest a protective role of PBDs against the risk of COVID-19 infection and severity. More studies are needed to establish the association between PBDs and risk of ICU admission and mortality due to COVID-19.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Undefined-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0261-5614 1532-1983 1532-1983
DOI:	10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.033