Cave Drip Water-Related Samples as a Natural Environment for Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria

Restricted contact with the external environment has allowed the development of microbial communities adapted to the oligotrophy of caves. However, nutrients can be transported to caves by drip water and affect the microbial communities inside the cave. To evaluate the influence of aromatic compound...

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Published in:	Microorganisms (Basel) Vol. 7; no. 2; p. 33
Main Authors:	Marques, Eric L S, Silva, Gislaine S, Dias, João C T, Gross, Eduardo, Costa, Moara S, Rezende, Rachel P
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 25-01-2019 MDPI
Subjects:	16S rDNA Acenaphthene Aquifers Aromatic compounds Aromatic hydrocarbons Atomic absorption analysis Atomic absorption spectroscopy Bacteria Biodegradation Biofilms Carbon sources Caves Cloning Cluster analysis Degradation Electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis Genes Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria Hydrocarbons Illumina Invertebrates Laboratories Limestone Microbial activity Microorganisms Naphthalene Natural environment ndo gene NGS Nutrients Oligotrophy rRNA 16S Sediments Soil sciences Spectral analysis Sphingomonadales Tourism Water analysis Water sampling X-ray spectroscopy Brazil United States > US ndo gene 16S rDNA microorganisms naphthalene Sphingomonadales NGS Illumina
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Summary:	Restricted contact with the external environment has allowed the development of microbial communities adapted to the oligotrophy of caves. However, nutrients can be transported to caves by drip water and affect the microbial communities inside the cave. To evaluate the influence of aromatic compounds carried by drip water on the microbial community, two limestone caves were selected in Brazil. Drip-water-saturated and unsaturated sediment, and dripping water itself, were collected from each cave and bacterial 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of naphthalene dioxygenase ( ) genes were performed. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were performed to evaluate inorganic nutrients, and GC was performed to estimate aromatic compounds in the samples. The high frequency of Sphingomonadaceae in drip water samples indicates the presence of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. This finding was consistent with the detection of naphthalene and acenaphthene and the presence of genes in drip-water-related samples. The aromatic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and 16S rDNA sequencing indicate that aromatic compounds may be one of the sources of energy and carbon to the system and the drip-water-associated bacterial community contains several potentially aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to present compelling evidence for the presence of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in cave drip water.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2076-2607 2076-2607
DOI:	10.3390/microorganisms7020033