Search Results - "Cooper, Arthur J. L."

The Role of Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Cerebral Ammonia Homeostasis by Cooper, Arthur J. L.

“…In the brain, glutamine synthetase (GS), which is located predominantly in astrocytes, is largely responsible for the removal of both blood-derived and…”
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Metabolic Heterogeneity, Plasticity, and Adaptation to “Glutamine Addiction” in Cancer Cells: The Role of Glutaminase and the GTωA [Glutamine Transaminase—ω-Amidase (Glutaminase II)] Pathway by Cooper, Arthur J. L., Dorai, Thambi, Pinto, John T., Denton, Travis T.

“…Many cancers utilize l-glutamine as a major energy source. Often cited in the literature as “l-glutamine addiction”, this well-characterized pathway involves…”
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Reciprocal Control of Thyroid Binding and the Pipecolate Pathway in the Brain by Hallen, André, Cooper, Arthur J. L.

“…Thyroid hormones have long been known to play an essential role in brain growth and development, with cytoplasmic thyroid hormone binding proteins (THBPs)…”
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ω-Amidase: an underappreciated, but important enzyme in L-glutamine and L-asparagine metabolism; relevance to sulfur and nitrogen metabolism, tumor biology and hyperammonemic diseases by Cooper, Arthur J. L, Shurubor, Yevgeniya I, Dorai, Thambi, Pinto, John T, Isakova, Elena P, Deryabina, Yulia I, Denton, Travis T, Krasnikov, Boris F

“…In mammals, two major routes exist for the metabolic conversion of L-glutamine to α-ketoglutarate. The most widely studied pathway involves the hydrolysis of…”
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Cysteine S-conjugate β-lyases: important roles in the metabolism of naturally occurring sulfur and selenium-containing compounds, xenobiotics and anticancer agents by Cooper, Arthur J. L, Krasnikov, Boris F, Niatsetskaya, Zoya V, Pinto, John T, Callery, Patrick S, Villar, Maria T, Artigues, Antonio, Bruschi, Sam A

“…Cysteine S-conjugate β-lyases are pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-containing enzymes that catalyze β-elimination reactions with cysteine S-conjugates that possess a…”
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Brain edema: a valid endpoint for measuring hepatic encephalopathy? by Bémeur, Chantal, Cudalbu, Cristina, Dam, Gitte, Thrane, Alexander S., Cooper, Arthur J. L., Rose, Christopher F.

“…Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication of liver failure/disease which frequently develops during the progression of end-stage liver disease. This…”
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Mammalian forebrain ketimine reductase identified as μ‐crystallin; potential regulation by thyroid hormones by Hallen, André, Cooper, Arthur J. L., Jamie, Joanne F., Haynes, Paul A., Willows, Robert D.

“…J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 379–387. Ketimine reductase (E.C. 1.5.1.25) was purified to apparent homogeneity from lamb forebrain by means of a rapid multi‐step…”
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Inhibition of human glutamine synthetase by L-methionine-S,R-sulfoximine—relevance to the treatment of neurological diseases by Jeitner, Thomas M., Cooper, Arthur J. L.

“…At high concentrations, the glutamine synthetase inhibitor L-methionine- S,R -sulfoximine (MSO) is a convulsant, especially in dogs. Nevertheless,…”
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Minocycline chelates Ca²⁺, binds to membranes, and depolarizes mitochondria by formation of Ca²⁺-dependent ion channels by Antonenko, Yuri N, Rokitskaya, Tatyana I, Cooper, Arthur J. L, Krasnikov, Boris F

“…Minocycline (an anti-inflammatory drug approved by the FDA) has been reported to be effective in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington…”
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ω-Amidase and Its Substrate α-Ketoglutaramate (the α-Keto Acid Analogue of Glutamine) as Biomarkers in Health and Disease by Cooper, Arthur J. L., Denton, Travis T.

“…A large literature exists on the biochemistry, chemistry, metabolism, and clinical importance of the α-keto acid analogues of many amino acids. However,…”
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Chemopreventive mechanisms of α-keto acid metabolites of naturally occurring organoselenium compounds by Pinto, John T, Lee, Jeong-In, Sinha, Raghu, MacEwan, Melanie E, Cooper, Arthur J. L

“…Previous studies on the chemopreventive mechanisms of dietary selenium have focused on its incorporation into antioxidative selenoproteins, such as glutathione…”
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Possible treatment of end-stage hyperammonemic encephalopathy by inhibition of glutamine synthetase by Cooper, Arthur J. L.

“…Glutamine synthetase (GS) is highly active in astrocytes, and these cells are physiologically and morphologically compromised by hyperammonemia. Hyperammonemia…”
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Thiosulfoxide (sulfane) sulfur: new chemistry and new regulatory roles in biology by Toohey, John I, Cooper, Arthur J L

“…The understanding of sulfur bonding is undergoing change. Old theories on hypervalency of sulfur and the nature of the chalcogen-chalcogen bond are now…”
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Therapeutic Effects of Cystamine in a Murine Model of Huntington's Disease by Dedeoglu, Alpaslan, Kubilus, James K, Jeitner, Thomas M, Matson, Samantha A, Bogdanov, Misha, Kowall, Neil W, Matson, Wayne R, Cooper, Arthur J. L, Ratan, Rajiv R, Beal, M. Flint, Hersch, Steven M, Ferrante, Robert J

“…The precise cause of neuronal death in Huntington's disease (HD) is unknown. Proteolytic products of the huntingtin protein can contribute to toxic cellular…”
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Lysine metabolism in mammalian brain: an update on the importance of recent discoveries by Hallen, André, Jamie, Joanne F, Cooper, Arthur J. L

“…The lysine catabolism pathway differs in adult mammalian brain from that in extracerebral tissues. The saccharopine pathway is the predominant lysine…”
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Structures of enzyme-intermediate complexes of yeast Nit2: insights into its catalytic mechanism and different substrate specificity compared with mammalian Nit2 by Liu, Hejun, Gao, Yongxiang, Zhang, Mengying, Qiu, Xiaoting, Cooper, Arthur J. L., Niu, Liwen, Teng, Maikun

“…The Nit (nitrilase‐like) protein subfamily constitutes branch 10 of the nitrilase superfamily. Nit proteins are widely distributed in nature. Mammals possess…”
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Central Role of Glutamate Metabolism in the Maintenance of Nitrogen Homeostasis in Normal and Hyperammonemic Brain by Cooper, Arthur J L, Jeitner, Thomas M

“…Glutamate is present in the brain at an average concentration-typically 10-12 mM-far in excess of those of other amino acids. In glutamate-containing vesicles…”
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Imine Reductases: A Comparison of Glutamate Dehydrogenase to Ketimine Reductases in the Brain by Hallen, André, Jamie, Joanne F., Cooper, Arthur J. L.

“…A key intermediate in the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-catalyzed reaction is an imine. Mechanistically, therefore, GDH exhibits similarities to the ketimine…”
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Increased levels of γ-glutamylamines in Huntington disease CSF by Jeitner, Thomas M, Matson, Wayne R, Folk, John E, Blass, John P, Cooper, Arthur J.L

“…Transglutaminases (TGases) catalyze several reactions with protein substrates, including formation of γ-glutamyl-ε-lysine cross-links and γ-glutamylpolyamine…”
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Astrocyte Glutamine Synthetase: Importance in Hyperammonemic Syndromes and Potential Target for Therapy by Brusilow, Saul W., Koehler, Raymond C., Traystman, Richard J., Cooper, Arthur J.L.

“…Many theories have been advanced to explain the encephalopathy associated with chronic liver disease and with the less common acute form. A major factor…”
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