Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Acute Oral Toxicity of Saline Extract and Protein-Rich Fraction from Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Acute Oral Toxicity of Saline Extract and Protein-Rich Fraction from Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves

Lam. (horseradish tree) leaves demonstrate high nutritional value, are rich in proteins, and are widely used in folk medicine and food. This study investigated the presence of secondary metabolites and antinutritional proteins in leaf extract (LE) and the protein-rich fraction (PRF) derived from lea...

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Published in:Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 17; no. 8; p. 1045
Main Authors: Alves, Robson Raion de Vasconcelos, de Oliveira, Alisson Macário, Dos Prazeres, Gabryella Borges, da Silva, Abdênego Rodrigues, Costa, Franciele Florencio, Barros, Bárbara Rafaela da Silva, Souza, Talita Giselly Dos Santos, Coelho, Luana Cassandra Breintenbach Barroso, de Melo, Cristiane Moutinho Lagos, Ferreira, Magda Rhayanny Assunção, Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira, Chagas, Cristiano Aparecido, Macedo, Maria Lígia Rodrigues, Napoleão, Thiago Henrique, Fernandes, Mariana Pinheiro, Paiva, Patrícia Maria Guedes
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08-08-2024
MDPI
Subjects:
Animals
Chromatography
Cytotoxicity
Flavonoids
Hematology
Leaves
lectin
Lectins
Proteins
rutin
Spleen
Toxicity
trypsin inhibitor
vitexin
trypsin inhibitor
rutin
lectin
vitexin
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Summary:Lam. (horseradish tree) leaves demonstrate high nutritional value, are rich in proteins, and are widely used in folk medicine and food. This study investigated the presence of secondary metabolites and antinutritional proteins in leaf extract (LE) and the protein-rich fraction (PRF) derived from leaves, as well as the cytotoxicity to human cells, hemolytic activity, and in vivo acute toxicity and genotoxicity in mice. The flavonoids rutin and vitexin as well as trypsin inhibitors and lectins were detected in LE and PRF. Neither sample demonstrated toxicity against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and both showed low hemolytic action. In vivo, LE and PRF did not show antinutritional effects and caused no death. The hematological parameters of the animals in the treated group were similar to those of the control. A significant increase in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and a discrete leukocyte infiltration with cytoplasmic vacuolization of the hepatocytes in the liver were detected in LE-treated animals. The preparations were not genotoxic or mutagenic. This study shows that LE and PRF are not antinutritional agents and presented low acute toxicity and no genotoxicity or mutagenicity. The present study contributes to the determination of the safety of using leaf proteins.
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ISSN:1424-8247
1424-8247
DOI:10.3390/ph17081045