Humoral Immunity across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike after Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) Vaccination

Humoral Immunity across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike after Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) Vaccination

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have contributed to attenuating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic by promoting the development of effective immune responses, thus reducing the spread and severity of the pandemic. A clinical trial with the Sputnik-V vaccine was conducted in Venezuela from December 2020 to July...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antibodies (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 2; p. 41
Main Authors: Cornejo, Alejandro, Franco, Christopher, Rodriguez-Nuñez, Mariajose, García, Alexis, Belisario, Inirida, Mayora, Soriuska, Garzaro, Domingo José, Zambrano, José Luis, Jaspe, Rossana Celeste, Hidalgo, Mariana, Parra-Giménez, Nereida, Claro, Franklin Ennodio, Liprandi, Ferdinando, de Waard, Jacobus Henri, Rangel, Héctor Rafael, Pujol, Flor Helene
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 11-05-2024
MDPI
Subjects:
Amino acids
Analysis
Antibodies
antibody
Antigens
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Cross-reactivity
ELISA
Enzymes
Epitopes
Genomes
Humoral immunity
Immune response
Immunity
Immunoassay
Neutralization
Pandemics
Proteins
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
spike
Spike protein
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Venezuela
United States > US
COVID-19
epitopes
SARS-CoV-2
antibody
RBD
neutralization
S1
ELISA
S2
spike
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Summary:SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have contributed to attenuating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic by promoting the development of effective immune responses, thus reducing the spread and severity of the pandemic. A clinical trial with the Sputnik-V vaccine was conducted in Venezuela from December 2020 to July 2021. The aim of this study was to explore the antibody reactivity of vaccinated individuals towards different regions of the spike protein (S). Neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity was assessed using a commercial surrogate assay, detecting NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and a plaque reduction neutralization test. NAb levels were correlated with the reactivity of the antibodies to the spike regions over time. The presence of Abs against nucleoprotein was also determined to rule out the effect of exposure to the virus during the clinical trial in the serological response. A high serological reactivity was observed to S and specifically to S1 and the RBD. S2, although recognized with lower intensity by vaccinated individuals, was the subunit exhibiting the highest cross-reactivity in prepandemic sera. This study is in agreement with the high efficacy reported for the Sputnik V vaccine and shows that this vaccine is able to induce an immunity lasting for at least 180 days. The dissection of the Ab reactivity to different regions of S allowed us to identify the relevance of epitopes outside the RBD that are able to induce NAbs. This research may contribute to the understanding of vaccine immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which could contribute to the design of future vaccine strategies.
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ISSN:2073-4468
2073-4468
DOI:10.3390/antib13020041