Chemical and isotopic interpretation of major ion compositions from precipitation: a one-year temporal monitoring study in Wrocaw, SW Poland

Chemical and isotopic interpretation of major ion compositions from precipitation: a one-year temporal monitoring study in Wrocaw, SW Poland

The chemical compositions (Na^sup +^, NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^, K^sup +^, Mg^sup 2+^, Ca^sup 2+^, Cl^sup -^, NO2 ^sup -^, NO3 ^sup -^, SO^sub 4^ ^sup 2-^, HCO3 ^sup -^) of wet precipitation and nitrogen isotope compositions δ^sup 15^N(NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^) were studied from January to December 2010 in Wrocaw...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of atmospheric chemistry Vol. 73; no. 1; pp. 61 - 80
Main Authors: Cika, M, Modelska, M, Górka, M, Trojanowska-olichwer, A, Widory, D
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Nature B.V 01-03-2016
Subjects:
Agricultural land
Ammonia
Anthropogenic factors
Fertilizer application
Fractionation
Impaired water use
Ions
Mineralization
Nitrogen dioxide
Precipitation
Principal components analysis
Seasons
Sewage
Statistical analysis
Studies
Urban areas
Wastewater irrigation
Poland
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Summary:The chemical compositions (Na^sup +^, NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^, K^sup +^, Mg^sup 2+^, Ca^sup 2+^, Cl^sup -^, NO2 ^sup -^, NO3 ^sup -^, SO^sub 4^ ^sup 2-^, HCO3 ^sup -^) of wet precipitation and nitrogen isotope compositions δ^sup 15^N(NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^) were studied from January to December 2010 in Wrocaw (SW Poland). Results of a principle component analysis show that 82 % of the data variability can be explained by three main factors: 1) F1 (40 %) observed during vegetative season (electrical conductivity, HCO3 ^sup -^, NO3 ^sup -^, NO2 ^sup -^, NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^ and SO^sub 4^ ^sup 2-^), mainly controlling rainwater mineralization; 2) F2 (26 %) observed during vegetative and heating seasons (K^sup +^, Ca^sup 2+^ and Mg^sup 2+^), probably representing a combination of two processes: anthropogenic dusts and fertilizers application in agricultural fields, and 3) F3 (16 %) reported mainly during heating season (Na^sup +^ and Cl^sup -^) probably indicating the influence of marine aerosols. Variations of δ^sup 15^N(NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^) from -11.5 to 18.5[per thousand] identify three main pathways for the formation of NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^: 1) equilibrium fractionation between NH3 and NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^; 2) kinetic exchange between NH3 and NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^; 3) NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^ exchange between atmospheric salts particles and precipitation. The coupled chemical/statistical analysis and δ^sup 15^N(NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^) approach shows that while fossil fuels burning is the main source of NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^ in precipitation during the heating season, during the vegetative season NH^sub 4^ ^sup +^ originates from local sewage irrigation fields in Osobowice or agricultural fertilizers.
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ISSN:0167-7764
1573-0662
DOI:10.1007/s10874-015-9316-2