Ecotoxicological risk assessment of the “Acid Black 210” dye

Abstract The “Acid Black 210” dye is one of the most used black dyes by the leather industry. This compound contains three azo groups in its chemical structure, and has been quoted as a non-regulated dye with toxicological concern, since it could generate carcinogenic aromatic amines. The objective...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Toxicology (Amsterdam) Vol. 376; pp. 113 - 119
Main Authors:	Rocha, Otávio Pelegrino, Cesila, Cibele Aparecida, Christovan, Elisa Maria, de Moraes Barros, Sílvia Berlanga, Zanoni, Maria Valnice Boldrin, de Oliveira, Danielle Palma
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Ireland Elsevier B.V 01-02-2017
Subjects:	Acid Black 210 Animals Azo Compounds - toxicity Cell Survival - drug effects Cell Survival - physiology Comet Assay - methods Daphnia - drug effects Daphnia - physiology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Dye Ecotoxicological risk assessment Ecotoxicology - methods Emergency Hep G2 Cells Humans Mutagenicity Tests - methods Naphthalenesulfonates - toxicity Risk Assessment - methods Salmonella typhimurium - drug effects Salmonella typhimurium - physiology Toxicity Tests, Acute - methods Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Zebrafish Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment Dye Acid Black 210 Ecotoxicological risk assessment
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Summary:	Abstract The “Acid Black 210” dye is one of the most used black dyes by the leather industry. This compound contains three azo groups in its chemical structure, and has been quoted as a non-regulated dye with toxicological concern, since it could generate carcinogenic aromatic amines. The objective of this study was to perform the ecotoxicological risk assessment of this dye through testing its toxicity in vitro and in vivo with the Ames test, the Comet assay, the Daphnia similis test, and the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test. Moreover, we evaluated the presence of this dye in environmental samples related with a tannery industry. All the tests performed were negative, with the exception of the Ames test with the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain, which resulted in a low mutagenic potency. Due to the low concentrations of the “Acid Black 210” dye found in tannery effluents, and the high concentrations where any toxic activity is occasionally described, we concluded that this dye is safe from the ecotoxicological point of view in the areas evaluated and in the light of the current knowledge.
ISSN:	0300-483X 1879-3185
DOI:	10.1016/j.tox.2016.04.002