Soft, thin skin-mounted power management systems and their use in wireless thermography

Power supply represents a critical challenge in the development of body-integrated electronic technologies. Although recent research establishes an impressive variety of options in energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) and generation (triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and photov...

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Published in:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 113; no. 22; pp. 6131 - 6136
Main Authors:	Lee, Jung Woo, Xu, Renxiao, Lee, Seungmin, Jang, Kyung-In, Yang, Yichen, Banks, Anthony, Yu, Ki Jun, Kim, Jeonghyun, Xu, Sheng, Ma, Siyi, Jang, Sung Woo, Won, Phillip, Li, Yuhang, Kim, Bong Hoon, Choe, Jo Young, Huh, Soojeong, Kwon, Yong Ho, Huang, Yonggang, Paik, Ungyu, Rogers, John A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States National Academy of Sciences 31-05-2016
Subjects:	Batteries Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Electric power Electric Power Supplies Electricity Electronics Energy storage Healthy Volunteers Humans Lithium Lithium - chemistry Mechanical properties Photovoltaic cells Photovoltaics Physical Sciences Power supply Semiconductors Skin - chemistry Skin - radiation effects Solar cells Thermography Thermography - instrumentation Wireless Technology - instrumentation energy management multijunction solar cell wearable technology solid-state lithium-ion battery stretchable electronics
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Summary:	Power supply represents a critical challenge in the development of body-integrated electronic technologies. Although recent research establishes an impressive variety of options in energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) and generation (triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and photovoltaic devices), the modest electrical performance and/or the absence of soft, biocompatible mechanical properties limit their practical use. The results presented here form the basis of soft, skin-compatible means for efficient photovoltaic generation and high-capacity storage of electrical power using dual-junction, compound semiconductor solar cells and chip-scale, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, respectively. Miniaturized components, deformable interconnects, optimized array layouts, and dual-composition elastomer substrates, superstrates, and encapsulation layers represent key features. Systematic studies of the materials and mechanics identify optimized designs, including unusual configurations that exploit a folded, multilayer construct to improve the functional density without adversely affecting the soft, stretchable characteristics. System-level examples exploit such technologies in fully wireless sensors for precision skin thermography, with capabilities in continuous data logging and local processing, validated through demonstrations on volunteer subjects in various realistic scenarios.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewers: A.J., University of California, Berkeley; and Z.S., Harvard University. Author contributions: J.W.L., Y.H., U.P., and J.A.R. designed research; J.W.L., R.X., S.L., K.-I.J., Y.Y., A.B., S.X., S.M., S.W.J., P.W., B.H.K., J.Y.C., S.H., and Y.H.K. performed research; J.W.L. and R.X. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; J.W.L., R.X., S.L., K.-I.J., K.J.Y., J.K., Y.L., Y.H., U.P., and J.A.R. analyzed data; and J.W.L., R.X., Y.H., U.P., and J.A.R. wrote the paper. 1J.W.L., R.X., and S.L. contributed equally to this work. Contributed by John A. Rogers, April 17, 2016 (sent for review February 25, 2016; reviewed by Ali Javey and Zhigang Suo)
ISSN:	0027-8424 1091-6490
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1605720113