Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus: Survival and Disinfection Efficacy on Common Glasshouse Surfaces

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a contact-transmitted tobamovirus affecting many tomato growing regions of the world. This study investigated the effects of different glasshouse surfaces on the survival of the virus; the efficacy of different disinfectants; and heat treatment against ToB...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Viruses Vol. 15; no. 10; p. 2076
Main Authors:	Skelton, Anna, Frew, Leanne, Ward, Richard, Hodgson, Rachel, Forde, Stephen, McDonough, Sam, Webster, Gemma, Chisnall, Kiera, Mynett, Mary, Buxton-Kirk, Adam, Fowkes, Aimee R, Weekes, Rebecca, Fox, Adrian
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 01-10-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Aluminum Bioassays Contamination Control Cotton Disease transmission Diseases and pests Disinfectants Disinfection Disinfection & disinfectants Disinfection and disinfectants Epidemics Epidemiology Experiments Flowers & plants Gloves Greenhouse plants Hands Heat treatments Hygiene Infections Leaves Methods Pathogens RNA virus infections Seeds Sodium hypochlorite Stainless steel Surfaces Surfaces (Technology) Survival thermal inactivation ToBRFV tomato brown rugose fruit virus Tomatoes Viruses Water treatment United Kingdom United Kingdom > UK
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Summary:	Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a contact-transmitted tobamovirus affecting many tomato growing regions of the world. This study investigated the effects of different glasshouse surfaces on the survival of the virus; the efficacy of different disinfectants; and heat treatment against ToBRFV (surfaces included steel, aluminium, hard plastic, polythene, glass and concrete). A bioassay followed by ELISA was used to check virus viability. ToBRFV survived for at least 7 days on all surfaces tested and on some for at least 6 months. The virus survived for over two hours on hands and gloves. Hand washing was shown to be unreliable for the removal of the virus. Glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants were effective at one hour on all surfaces. Some other disinfectants were effective at one hour of contact time, on all surfaces except concrete. Sodium hypochlorite was partially effective against ToBRFV, even on concrete. A 5 min soak of plastic trays in water at 90 °C was effective at denaturing ToBRFV; however, 5 min at 70 °C was not. Heating infected sap showed the thermal inactivation point to be 90 °C, confirming the hot water treatment results and showing that deactivation was due to the heat treatment and not a washing effect of the water.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Current address: Animal and Plant Health Agency, Beverley HU17 9JB, UK.
ISSN:	1999-4915 1999-4915
DOI:	10.3390/v15102076