Detection of Polioviruses Type 2 among Migrant Children Arriving to the Russian Federation from a Country with a Registered Poliomyelitis Outbreak

Detection of Polioviruses Type 2 among Migrant Children Arriving to the Russian Federation from a Country with a Registered Poliomyelitis Outbreak

The widespread use of the oral poliovaccine from Sabin strains (tOPV) radically reduced poliomyelitis incidence worldwide. However, OPV became a source of neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). Currently, circulating type 2 VDPVs (cVDPV2) are the leading cause of poliomyelitis. The nove...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 7; p. 718
Main Authors: Ivanova, Olga E, Eremeeva, Tatiana P, Baykova, Olga Y, Krasota, Alexandr Y, Yakovchuk, Elizaveta V, Shustova, Elena Y, Malyshkina, Lyudmila P, Mustafina, Aida N-I, Mikhailova, Yulia M, Chirova, Alina V, Cherepanova, Evgeniya A, Morozova, Nadezhda S, Gladkikh, Anna S, Dolgova, Anna S, Dedkov, Vladimir G, Totolian, Areg A, Kozlovskaya, Liubov I
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-07-2024
Subjects:
Cell culture
Cell differentiation
Children
Complications and side effects
Dosage and administration
Epidemiology
Gene sequencing
Genetic modification
Laboratories
Mutation
Neurovirulence
nOPV2
novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2
Outbreaks
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis vaccine
poliovirus vaccine
Risk management
Risk reduction
Stability
Surveillance
vaccine derived poliovirus
Vaccines
VDPV2
Whole genome sequencing
Russia
Pakistan
United States > US
Tajikistan
Germany
VDPV2
vaccine derived poliovirus
poliomyelitis
migrants
nOPV2
novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2
poliovirus vaccine
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Summary:The widespread use of the oral poliovaccine from Sabin strains (tOPV) radically reduced poliomyelitis incidence worldwide. However, OPV became a source of neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). Currently, circulating type 2 VDPVs (cVDPV2) are the leading cause of poliomyelitis. The novel OPV type 2 vaccine (nOPV2), based on genetically modified Sabin strain with increased genetic stability and reduced risk of cVDPV formation, has been used to combat cVDPV2 outbreaks, including one in Tajikistan in 2021. In order to identify the importation of cVDPV2 and nOPV2-derivates, stool samples from 12,127 healthy migrant children under 5 years of age arriving from Tajikistan were examined in Russia (March 2021-April 2022). Viruses were isolated in cell culture and identified via intratype differentiation RT-PCR, VP1 and whole-genome sequencing. cVDPV2 isolates closely related with the Tajikistan one were isolated from two children, and nOPV2-derived viruses were detected in specimens from 106 children from 37 regions of Russia. The duration of nOPV2 excretion ranged from 24 to 124 days post-vaccination. nOPV2 isolates contained 27 mutations per genome (0.36%) on average, with no critical genetic changes, which confirms the genetic stability of nOPV2 during field use. The possibility of epidemiologically significant poliovirus introduction into polio-free countries has been confirmed. The screening of special populations, including migrants, is required to maintain epidemiological well-being.
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ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines12070718