Awareness of and reactions to health and environmental harms of red meat among parents in the United States

Evidence of the health and environmental harms of red meat is growing, yet little is known about which harms may be most impactful to include in meat reduction messages. This study examined which harms consumers are most aware of and which most discourage them from wanting to eat red meat. Within-su...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Public health nutrition Vol. 25; no. 4; pp. 893 - 903
Main Authors:	Grummon, Anna H, Goodman, Dina, Jaacks, Lindsay M, Taillie, Lindsey Smith, Chauvenet, Christina A, Salvia, Meg G, Rimm, Eric B
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01-04-2022
Subjects:	Animals Behavioural nutrition Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Climate change Colorectal cancer Consumers Consumption Coronary artery disease Deforestation Diabetes Emissions Experiments Food irradiation Gastric cancer Greenhouse gases Heart diseases Humans Male Meat Meat - adverse effects Messages Meta-analysis Parents Prostate cancer Red Meat - adverse effects Research paper Stroke Surveys and Questionnaires Systematic review United States Water pollution Water shortages United States United States > US Food labelling Environmental sustainability Messages Parents Meat Communication
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Summary:	Evidence of the health and environmental harms of red meat is growing, yet little is known about which harms may be most impactful to include in meat reduction messages. This study examined which harms consumers are most aware of and which most discourage them from wanting to eat red meat. Within-subjects randomised experiment. Participants responded to questions about their awareness of, and perceived discouragement in response to, eight health and eight environmental harms of red meat presented in random order. Discouragement was assessed on a 1-to-5 Likert-type scale. Online survey. 544 US parents. A minority of participants reported awareness that red meat contributes to health harms (ranging from 8 % awareness for prostate cancer to 28 % for heart disease) or environmental harms (ranging from 13 % for water shortages and deforestation to 22 % for climate change). Among specific harms, heart disease elicited the most discouragement (mean = 2·82 out of 5), followed by early death (mean = 2·79) and plants and animals going extinct (mean = 2·75), though most harms elicited similar discouragement (range of means, 2·60-2·82). In multivariable analyses, participants who were younger, identified as Black, identified as politically liberal, had higher general perceptions that red meat is bad for health and had higher usual red meat consumption reported being more discouraged from wanting to eat red meat in response to health and environmental harms (all P < 0·05). Messages about a variety of health and environmental harms of red meat could inform consumers and motivate reductions in red meat consumption.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Authorship: AHG, LMJ, CAC, and LST designed and conceptualized the study. AHG, DG, and MGS contributed to data curation. AHG and DG analyzed the data and created data visualizations. AHG drafted the initial manuscript. EBR provided study oversight. All authors provided critical feedback on the manuscript draft and approved the final manuscript.
ISSN:	1368-9800 1475-2727 1475-2727
DOI:	10.1017/S1368980021003098