Groundwater flow and heat transport for systems undergoing freeze-thaw: Intercomparison of numerical simulators for 2D test cases

•Coupled Thermo-Hydrological codes including latent heat for Cryohydrogeological codes require some level of evaluation.•Two 2D benchmark cases were developed for intercomparison of TH codes.•Intercomparison results suggest that the codes provide robust results for the test cases considered.•Minor d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Advances in water resources Vol. 114; no. C; pp. 196 - 218
Main Authors:	Grenier, Christophe, Anbergen, Hauke, Bense, Victor, Chanzy, Quentin, Coon, Ethan, Collier, Nathaniel, Costard, François, Ferry, Michel, Frampton, Andrew, Frederick, Jennifer, Gonçalvès, Julio, Holmén, Johann, Jost, Anne, Kokh, Samuel, Kurylyk, Barret, McKenzie, Jeffrey, Molson, John, Mouche, Emmanuel, Orgogozo, Laurent, Pannetier, Romain, Rivière, Agnès, Roux, Nicolas, Rühaak, Wolfram, Scheidegger, Johanna, Selroos, Jan-Olof, Therrien, René, Vidstrand, Patrik, Voss, Clifford
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-04-2018 Elsevier Science Ltd Elsevier
Subjects:	Arctic zone Code benchmarking Computer applications Computer simulation Discretization Earth Sciences ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Evolution Freeze-thaw Freeze-thawing Freezing Groundwater Groundwater flow Heat transfer Heat transport Hydrologic processes Hydrology Ice environments Intercomparison Landscape Mathematical models Modelling Nonlinear systems Numerical simulation Performance measurement Permafrost Polar environments Robustness (mathematics) Sciences of the Universe Sharp interface problems Simulation Simulators Thermo-hydrological coupling Water flow Numerical simulation Sharp interface problems Permafrost Code benchmarking Thermo-hydrological coupling
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Summary:	•Coupled Thermo-Hydrological codes including latent heat for Cryohydrogeological codes require some level of evaluation.•Two 2D benchmark cases were developed for intercomparison of TH codes.•Intercomparison results suggest that the codes provide robust results for the test cases considered.•Minor discrepancies found in the intercomparison results were studied raising implementation issues. In high-elevation, boreal and arctic regions, hydrological processes and associated water bodies can be strongly influenced by the distribution of permafrost. Recent field and modeling studies indicate that a fully-coupled multidimensional thermo-hydraulic approach is required to accurately model the evolution of these permafrost-impacted landscapes and groundwater systems. However, the relatively new and complex numerical codes being developed for coupled non-linear freeze-thaw systems require verification. This issue is addressed by means of an intercomparison of thirteen numerical codes for two-dimensional test cases with several performance metrics (PMs). These codes comprise a wide range of numerical approaches, spatial and temporal discretization strategies, and computational efficiencies. Results suggest that the codes provide robust results for the test cases considered and that minor discrepancies are explained by computational precision. However, larger discrepancies are observed for some PMs resulting from differences in the governing equations, discretization issues, or in the freezing curve used by some codes.
Bibliography:	AC04-94AL85000; AC05-00OR22725 SAND-2018-1705J USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
ISSN:	0309-1708 1872-9657 1872-9657
DOI:	10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.02.001