Genetic Divergence of Thai Indigenous Pigs from Three Distinct Geographic Regions Revealed by Microsatellite Marker Analysis

Genetic Divergence of Thai Indigenous Pigs from Three Distinct Geographic Regions Revealed by Microsatellite Marker Analysis

Thai indigenous pigs (TIPs) are important genetic resources. Crosses with exotic pig breeds and wild boars may cause genetic losses. To date, the physical characteristics of TIPs have been inconsistent. The classification of TIPs by genetic information is needed to pursue an appropriate conservation...

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Published in:Animals (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 4; p. 625
Main Authors: Chaweewan, Kamon, Mahinchai, Prapas, Kongsook, Sornchai, Soponchit, Surasak, Weerasamith, Phuree, Awiruttapanich, Wiranphat, Prapawat, Pakhawan, Jamparat, Warocha, Chanthaworn, Thitawat, Rattanamahavichai, Natinee, Weangchanok, Sarisa, Arikit, Siwaret, Duangjinda, Monchai, Tuntivisoottikul, Kunya, Chaosap, Chanporn, Jirajaroenrat, Kanya
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10-02-2023
MDPI
Subjects:
Admixtures
Alleles
Analysis
Animal populations
Breeding
Conservation
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Farmers
Gene frequency
Genetic analysis
Genetic aspects
Genetic diversity
Genetic markers
genetic polymorphism
Genetic research
Genetic resources
Genetic testing
Genotypes
Heterozygosity
Hogs
Indigenous animals
microsatellite markers
Microsatellites
Morphology
phylogenetic tree
Phylogeny
Physical characteristics
Physical properties
Population genetics
population structure
Populations
Provinces
Rural areas
Rural communities
Subgroups
Swine
Thai indigenous pig
Thailand
China
United States > US
phylogenetic tree
Thai indigenous pig
population structure
microsatellite markers
genetic polymorphism
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Summary:Thai indigenous pigs (TIPs) are important genetic resources. Crosses with exotic pig breeds and wild boars may cause genetic losses. To date, the physical characteristics of TIPs have been inconsistent. The classification of TIPs by genetic information is needed to pursue an appropriate conservation program. In this study, the genetic diversity, cluster analysis, and phylogenetic relationship of TIPs were investigated using twenty-nine pig microsatellite markers. Blood samples were collected from TIPs from three regions of Thailand: north (NT, = 118), northeast (NE, = 61), and south (ST, = 75). The mean total number of distinct alleles and the effective number of alleles per locus were 11.851 and 5.497, respectively. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and mean expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.562 and 0.837, respectively. The F values of the microsatellite loci were positive under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium at < 0.001, with overall mean values of Fis, Fit, and Fst of 0.247, 0.281, and 0.046, respectively. A total of 5, 5, and 17 private alleles were found at frequencies greater than 0.050 in the NT, NE, and ST pigs, respectively. Three optimal clusters ( = 3) were proposed within the TIP populations. Pigs from the NT and NE regions were mixed in two clusters, while members of the ST region were clearly separated. The phylogenetic tree confirmed that the pigs from NT and NE were each divided into two subgroups, while the pigs from ST were clustered into one group. A microsatellite analysis revealed the high genetic diversity of the TIP populations and confirmed the genetic divergence of the TIPs from the European and Chinese breeds. A genetic admixture of the TIP with the local wild boars was detected.
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ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani13040625