Heterogenous antibody and T‐cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines among immunocompromised young people
Baseline characteristics (Table 1, Figure 1A) were comparable between controls and the immunocompromised cohort, and disease groups were homogenous in terms of age and dose interval (p > .05) which have been reported to affect antibody titres. TABLE 1 Baseline characteristics, immunosuppressive m...
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| Published in: | Clinical and translational medicine Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. e1183 - n/a |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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United States
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01-01-2023
John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley |
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| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Baseline characteristics (Table 1, Figure 1A) were comparable between controls and the immunocompromised cohort, and disease groups were homogenous in terms of age and dose interval (p > .05) which have been reported to affect antibody titres. TABLE 1 Baseline characteristics, immunosuppressive medication use, humoral and cellular vaccine responses in controls and immunocompromised young people Controls All immunocompromised IBD LTX KTX INS ESKD IGA JIA SLE UVI Others N 20 93 12 8 12 12 11 7 8 12 4 7 Baseline characteristicsa Age (years) 17.10 ± .66 17.58 ± .35 16.71 ± .89 17.28 ± 1.35 18.55 ± 1.03 17.43 ± .99 17.82 ± 1.12 18.88 ± 1.51 15.72 ± .9 18.50 ± .93 16.91 ± 1.43 17.29 ± 1.29 Female 7/20 (35) 47/93 (51) 8/12 (67) 5/8 (63) 6/12 (50) 4/12 (33) 1/11 (9) 5/7 (71) 3/8 (38) 11/12 (92) 2/4 (50) 2/7 (29) Pfizer 18/20 (90) 91/93 (98) 11/12 (92) 7/8 (89) 12/12 (100) 12/12 (100) 11/11 (100) 7/7 (100) 8/8 (100) 12/12 (100) 4/4 (100) 7/7 (100) Days between doses 1 and 2 31.70 ± 1.75 35.28 ± .93 32.67 ± 1.51 41.63 ± 4.30 39.33 ± 1.48 33.25 ± 2.07 41.09 ± 2.00 30.71 ± 4.3 38.63 ± 3.22 27.33 ± 1.17 32.50 ± 4.33 35.86 ± 4.69 Days after dose 2 38.75 ± 3.22 39.42 ± 1.36 40.92 ± 3.69 46.13 ± 3.36 37.67 ± 3.19 36.08 ± 3.38 38.82 ± 4.12 34.86 ± 3.53 37.63 ± 5.92 38.00 ± 3.75 42.50 ± 8.26 46.14 ± 7.40 Immunosuppressive medications Steroids 0/20 (0) 26/93 (28)** 0/12 (0) 2/8 (25) 12/12 (100) 1/12 (8) 0/11 (0) 4/7 (58) 0/8 (0) 4/12 (33) 0/4 (0) 3/7 (43) Anti-metabolites 0/20 (0) 64/93 (69)*** 11/12 (92) 3/8 (38) 10/12 (83) 11/12 (92) 0/11 (0) 7/7 (100) 4/8 (50) 12/12 (100) 2/4 (50) 4/7 (57) Calcineurin inhibitors 0/20 (0) 28/93 (30)** 0/12 (0) 7/8 (88) 12/12 (100) 5/12 (42) 0/11 (0) 1/7 (14) 0/8 (0) 0/12 (0) 0/4 (0) 3/7 (43) Biologics 0/20 (0) 16/93 (17) 4/12 (33) 0/8 (0) 0/12 (0) 0/12 (0) 0/11 (0) 0/7 (0) 6/8 (75) 0/12 (0) 3/4 (75) 3/7 (43) Humoral response to vaccination Anti-S > 250 U/ml 20/20 (100) 68/93 (73)** 10/12 (83) 8/8 (100) 6/12 (50) 5/12 (42) 11/11 (100) 2/7 (29) 7/8 (88) 8/12 (67) 4/4 (100) 7/7 (100) Anti-S > 100 U/ml 20/20 (100) 74/93 (80)* 12/12 (100) 8/8 (100) 9/12 (75) 5/12 (42) 11/11 (100) 2/7 (29) 7/8 (88) 9/12 (75) 4/4 (100) 7/7 (100) Anti-S > .8 U/ml 20/20 (100) 86/93 (92) 12/12 (100) 8/8 (100) 10/12 (83) 10/12 (83) 11/11 (100) 5/7 (71) 8/8 (100) 11/12 (92) 4/4 (100) 7/7 (100) Cellular response to vaccination Pan-T-cell IFNγ response (IU/ml) 1.75 (1.43–2.12) .71 (.59–.87)* .55 (.29–1.06) .45 (.17–1.24) .17 (.09–.33) .53 (.34–.82) 1.54 (.99–2.38) .75 (.46–1.23) 1.72 (1.20–2.46) 1.99 (1.30–3.05) .58 (.32–1.03) .70 (.41–1.21) Pan-T-cell responder 19/20 (95) 66/93 (71)* 10/12 (83) 6/8 (75) 5/12 (42) 8/12 (67) 8/11 (73) 5/7 (71) 7/8 (88) 11/12 (92) 2/4 (50) 4/7 (57) CD4+ T-cell IFNγ response (IU/ml) .99 (.81–1.22) .32 (.25–.42)* .2 (.08–.48) .28 (.11–.73) .04 (.02–.10) .17 (.08–.40) .89 (.57–1.37) .4 (.24–.66) 1.3 (.86–1.98) .84 (.42–1.70) .35 (.23–.53) .44 (.21–.92) CD4+ T-cell responder 19/20 (95) 72/93 (77) 9/12 (75) 6/8 (75) 4/12 (33) 9/12 (75) 11/11 (100) 6/7 (86) 7/8 (88) 11/12 (92) 4/4 (100) 5/7 (71) Note: ‘Others’ consist of participants with atopic dermatitis (N = 2), corneal transplants (N = 2) as well as juvenile spondyloarthropathy, juvenile dermatomyositis and membranous glomerulopathy. TABLE 2 Multivariable analysis of clinical risk factors affecting vaccine responses Anti-S > 250 U/ml Pan-T-cell IFNγ response (log IU/ml) CD4+ T-cell IFNγ response (log IU/ml) Odds ratio 95% CI p-Value Regression coefficient 95% CI p-Value Regression coefficient 95% CI p-Value Female 1.878 .528–6.678 .330 −.183 −.537 to .171 .306 −.265 −.73 to .199 .259 Pfizer 0 .999 −.025 −1.263 to 1.213 .968 .133 −1.492 to 1.759 .871 Age (years) .944 .800–1.114 .497 −.042 −.091 to .008 .101 −.047 −.112 to .019 .158 Days between doses 1.035 .957–1.119 .389 −.003 −.025 to .018 .762 .011 −.017 to .04 .440 Days from dose 2 1.020 .978–1.064 .354 −.005 −.018 to .007 .393 −.007 −.023 to .009 .377 Corticosteroids .142 .033–.620 .009** −.148 −.601 to .306 .519 −.385 −.98 to .211 .203 Anti-metabolites .083 .009–.781 .030* .010 −.42 to .441 .962 .185 −.381 to .75 .518 Calcineurin inhibitors .861 .204–3.634 .839 −.641 −1.058 to −.223 .003** −.742 −1.29 to −.194 .009** Biologics .718 .108–4.786 .732 −.367 −.836 to .103 .124 −.284 −.9 to .333 .362 *, **Refer to significant differences between controls and the immunocompromised cohort with p < .05 and .01, respectively. To determine if there was a residual effect of disease category, as disease category and immunosuppressive medications could not be included in the same statistical model due to collinearity (Table S1), we performed a stratified analysis on 28 participants only on anti-metabolite monotherapy (Table 3). |
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| Bibliography: | Liangjian Lu, Chang Yien Chan and Pauline PL Chan‐Ng contributed equally to this manuscript. SourceType-Other Sources-1 ObjectType-Article-2 content type line 63 ObjectType-Correspondence-1 |
| ISSN: | 2001-1326 2001-1326 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ctm2.1183 |