Study of compartmentalization in the visna clinical form of small ruminant lentivirus infection in sheep

Study of compartmentalization in the visna clinical form of small ruminant lentivirus infection in sheep

A central nervous system (CNS) disease outbreak caused by small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) has triggered interest in Spain due to the rapid onset of clinical signs and relevant production losses. In a previous study on this outbreak, the role of LTR in tropism was unclear and env encoded sequences...

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Published in:BMC veterinary research Vol. 8; no. 1; p. 8
Main Authors: Ramírez, Hugo, Reina, Ramsés, Bertolotti, Luigi, Cenoz, Amaia, Hernández, Mirna-Margarita, San Román, Beatriz, Glaria, Idoia, de Andrés, Ximena, Crespo, Helena, Jáuregui, Paula, Benavides, Julio, Polledo, Laura, Pérez, Valentín, García-Marín, Juan F, Rosati, Sergio, Amorena, Beatriz, de Andrés, Damián
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 26-01-2012
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Base Sequence
Blood-brain barrier
Central Nervous System - virology
Choroid plexus
Compartmentalization
Disease Outbreaks - veterinary
Drug resistance
Evolution
Genetic diversity
Genotype
Health aspects
Infections
Mammary Glands, Animal - virology
Molecular Sequence Data
Phylogeny
Sheep
Small ruminant lentivirus
Software
Spain - epidemiology
Spinal cord
Viral infections
Visna
Visna - epidemiology
Visna - virology
Visna-maedi virus - genetics
Spain
Italy
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Summary:A central nervous system (CNS) disease outbreak caused by small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) has triggered interest in Spain due to the rapid onset of clinical signs and relevant production losses. In a previous study on this outbreak, the role of LTR in tropism was unclear and env encoded sequences, likely involved in tropism, were not investigated. This study aimed to analyze heterogeneity of SRLV Env regions--TM amino terminal and SU V4, C4 and V5 segments--in order to assess virus compartmentalization in CNS. Eight Visna (neurologically) affected sheep of the outbreak were used. Of the 350 clones obtained after PCR amplification, 142 corresponded to CNS samples (spinal cord and choroid plexus) and the remaining to mammary gland, blood cells, bronchoalveolar lavage cells and/or lung. The diversity of the env sequences from CNS was 11.1-16.1% between animals and 0.35-11.6% within each animal, except in one animal presenting two sequence types (30% diversity) in the CNS (one grouping with those of the outbreak), indicative of CNS virus sequence heterogeneity. Outbreak sequences were of genotype A, clustering per animal and compartmentalizing in the animal tissues. No CNS specific signature patterns were found. Bayesian approach inferences suggested that proviruses from broncoalveolar lavage cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells represented the common ancestors (infecting viruses) in the animal and that neuroinvasion in the outbreak involved microevolution after initial infection with an A-type strain. This study demonstrates virus compartmentalization in the CNS and other body tissues in sheep presenting the neurological form of SRLV infection.
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ISSN:1746-6148
1746-6148
DOI:10.1186/1746-6148-8-8