Remediation of suspended solids and turbidity by improved settling tank design in a small‐scale, free‐standing toilet system using recycled blackwater

Our research is focused on the development of decentralized waste water treatment technologies enabling onsite water reuse. Accumulation of solids with recycling of treated blackwater increases the energy required for disinfection with an electrochemical process. We hypothesized that improving the p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Water and environment journal : WEJ Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 61 - 66
Main Authors:	Hawkins, Brian T., Sellgren, Katelyn L., Cellini, Enzo, J. D. Klem, Ethan, Rogers, Tess, Lynch, Brendon J., Piascik, Jeffrey R., Stoner, Brian R.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-02-2019 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:	Accumulation Blackwater Chemical oxygen demand decentralized waste water treatment Design for recycling Disinfection Electrochemistry Energy Energy demand Energy efficiency Fluid dynamics Full Length Original Research Paper Full Length Original Research Papers Liquid flow Organic chemistry Power efficiency Remediation Retention tanks Sedimentation tanks Settling Settling tanks Solid suspensions Suspended particulate matter sustainability Tanks Tortuosity Total suspended solids Turbidity Waste treatment Wastewater Wastewater treatment Water reuse Water treatment water reuse electrochemistry sustainability decentralized waste water treatment
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Summary:	Our research is focused on the development of decentralized waste water treatment technologies enabling onsite water reuse. Accumulation of solids with recycling of treated blackwater increases the energy required for disinfection with an electrochemical process. We hypothesized that improving the preprocess settling of blackwater by increasing the tortuosity of the liquid flow path would reduce this energy demand by reducing particle‐associated chemical oxygen demand (COD). This approach successfully reduced the total suspended solids and turbidity in the process liquid accumulated per user‐day equivalent. A modest reduction in the apparent steady‐state accumulation of COD was also observed, likely because of the retention of COD associated with larger particles in the settling tanks. Interestingly, these improvements did not improve the energy efficiency of the electrochemical disinfection process, as predicted. These observations suggest that improving the energy efficiency of electrochemical disinfection will require remediation of dissolved COD.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 KLS and BTH contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:	1747-6585 1747-6593
DOI:	10.1111/wej.12369