Anionic Polymerization of n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate in Emulsion and Miniemulsion

The manufacture and polymerization of stable n-butyl cyanoacrylate (BCA) miniemulsions were achieved in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). This surfactant, by releasing protons at the interface, slows down the interfacial anionic polymerization of n-BCA through (reversible) terminat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Macromolecules Vol. 36; no. 3; pp. 667 - 674
Main Authors:	Limouzin, Cédric, Caviggia, Audrey, Ganachaud, François, Hémery, Patrick
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC American Chemical Society 11-02-2003
Subjects:	Applied sciences Exact sciences and technology Organic polymers Physicochemistry of polymers Polymerization Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts Anionic surfactant Emulsion polymerization Nanoparticle Reaction mechanism Anionic polymerization Butyl acrylate(cyano) polymer Experimental study
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Summary:	The manufacture and polymerization of stable n-butyl cyanoacrylate (BCA) miniemulsions were achieved in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). This surfactant, by releasing protons at the interface, slows down the interfacial anionic polymerization of n-BCA through (reversible) termination. Preliminary emulsion experiments showed that adequate DBSA/monomer ratios and stirring rates are required to avoid the generation of long polymer chains through uncontrolled polymerization. By sonicating the original mixture to produce a miniemulsion, a fair control of oligomer generation is exerted. In all experiments, however, the final oligomer distribution is mainly composed of three to five units, with the equilibrium value imposed by interfacial polymerization/depolymerization events. As a consequence, particles quickly destabilize by Ostwald ripening of the partly water-soluble hydroxylated oligomers. Decreasing the acid content after sonication by adding hydroxide sodium permits the formation of longer chains and thus enhances particle stability. Maximum molar masses of 1200 g/mol are reached even in the latter polymerization conditions, a critical chain length for which oligomers lose their surface activity and stop propagating.
Bibliography:	ark:/67375/TPS-SRBRM67L-W istex:D587B303650C4C749FEF20BFAA85C76DE4BCD8C3
ISSN:	0024-9297 1520-5835
DOI:	10.1021/ma0257402