A PLL-based resampling technique for vibration analysis in variable-speed wind turbines with PMSG: A bearing fault case

Condition monitoring in permanent magnet synchronous machines has gained interest due to the increasing use in applications such as electric traction and power generation. Particularly in wind power generation, non-invasive condition monitoring techniques are of great importance. Usually, in such ap...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Mechanical systems and signal processing Vol. 85; pp. 354 - 366
Main Authors:	Pezzani, Carlos M., Bossio, José M., Castellino, Ariel M., Bossio, Guillermo R., De Angelo, Cristian H.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin Elsevier Ltd 15-02-2017 Elsevier BV
Subjects:	Bearing Bearing fault Cost analysis Electric power generation Fault detection Generators Machinery condition monitoring Monitoring systems Order tracking Phase locked loops Phased locked loop Point defects Position measurement Resampling Sampling Sampling techniques Synchronous machines Tracking Traction Turbines Vibration analysis Vibrations analysis Wind power Wind power generation Wind turbine PMSG Wind turbines Phased locked loop Bearing fault Resampling Order tracking Wind turbine PMSG Vibrations analysis
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Summary:	Condition monitoring in permanent magnet synchronous machines has gained interest due to the increasing use in applications such as electric traction and power generation. Particularly in wind power generation, non-invasive condition monitoring techniques are of great importance. Usually, in such applications the access to the generator is complex and costly, while unexpected breakdowns results in high repair costs. This paper presents a technique which allows using vibration analysis for bearing fault detection in permanent magnet synchronous generators used in wind turbines. Given that in wind power applications the generator rotational speed may vary during normal operation, it is necessary to use special sampling techniques to apply spectral analysis of mechanical vibrations. In this work, a resampling technique based on order tracking without measuring the rotor position is proposed. To synchronize sampling with rotor position, an estimation of the rotor position obtained from the angle of the voltage vector is proposed. This angle is obtained from a phase-locked loop synchronized with the generator voltages. The proposed strategy is validated by laboratory experimental results obtained from a permanent magnet synchronous generator. Results with single point defects in the outer race of a bearing under variable speed and load conditions are presented. •Localized bearing faults can be detected under variable speed operation.•Vibration spectral analysis is used to detect single-point defects in PMSG.•Under variable speed conditions, a tacho-less resampling strategy is proposed.•The vibration signal is resampled at constant rotor position intervals.•Rotor position is estimated from a PLL using the measured stator voltages.
ISSN:	0888-3270 1096-1216
DOI:	10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.08.010