Nasal Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Experimental Influenza A Virus Infection: Results of a Placebo-Controlled Trial of Intravenous Zanamivir Treatment

The local immune response to influenza virus infection was characterized by determining cytokine and chemokine levels in serial nasal lavage fluid samples from 15 volunteers experimentally infected with influenza A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1). The study was part of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlle...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 180; no. 3; pp. 586 - 593
Main Authors:	Fritz, R. Scott, Hayden, Frederick G., Calfee, David P., Cass, Lindsey M. R., Peng, Amy W., Alvord, W. Gregory, Strober, Warren, Straus, Stephen E.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Chicago, IL The University of Chicago Press 01-09-1999 University of Chicago Press Oxford University Press
Subjects:	Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents Antiviral agents Antiviral Agents - administration & dosage Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Body Temperature Chemokines Chemokines - analysis Chemokines - biosynthesis Cytokines Cytokines - analysis Cytokines - biosynthesis Double-Blind Method Experimental viral diseases and models Guanidines Humans Infections Infectious diseases Influenza A virus Influenza, Human - immunology Influenza, Human - prevention & control Injections, Intravenous Major Articles Male Medical sciences Monocytes Nasal lavage fluid Nasal Lavage Fluid - immunology Neuraminidase - antagonists & inhibitors Pharmacology. Drug treatments Placebos Pyrans Sialic Acids - administration & dosage Sialic Acids - therapeutic use Symptoms Time Factors Viral diseases Viruses Volunteerism Zanamivir Human Immunoprotection Intravenous administration Volunteer Cytokine Orthomyxoviridae Zanamivir Infection Virus Chemokine Symptomatology Chemotherapy Local immunity Experimental disease Influenzavirus A Treatment Influenza A virus Viral disease Antiviral Influenza A Quantitative analysis
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Summary:	The local immune response to influenza virus infection was characterized by determining cytokine and chemokine levels in serial nasal lavage fluid samples from 15 volunteers experimentally infected with influenza A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1). The study was part of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine the prophylactic effect of intravenous zanamivir (600 mg 2×/day for 5 days), a highly selective inhibitor of influenza A and B virus neuraminidases, on the clinical symptoms of influenza infection. Nasal lavage fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, IL-10, monocyte chemotactic protein—1, and macrophage inflammatory protein—1α and —1β increased in response to influenza virus infection and correlated statistically with the magnitude and time course of the symptoms. Treatment with zanamivir prevented the infection and abrogated the local cytokine and chemokine responses. These results reveal a complex interplay of cytokines and chemokines in the development of symptoms and resolution of influenza.
Bibliography:	istex:ECBF6DA2510D75470BF281767144D9E0D67417BD ark:/67375/HXZ-1GRFCLKW-N ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-News-3
ISSN:	0022-1899 1537-6613
DOI:	10.1086/314938