Respiratory Viral Infection-Induced Microbiome Alterations and Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Influenza and other respiratory viral infections are the most common type of acute respiratory infection. Viral infections predispose patients to secondary bacterial infections, which often have a more severe clinical course. The mechanisms underlying post-viral bacterial infections are complex, and...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Frontiers in immunology Vol. 9; p. 2640
Main Authors:	Hanada, Shigeo, Pirzadeh, Mina, Carver, Kyle Y, Deng, Jane C
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 16-11-2018
Subjects:	bacterial pneumonia gut microbiome host-microbe interaction Immunology influenza respiratory viral infection viral-bacterial interaction influenza viral-bacterial interaction bacterial pneumonia gut microbiome respiratory viral infection host-microbe interaction
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	Influenza and other respiratory viral infections are the most common type of acute respiratory infection. Viral infections predispose patients to secondary bacterial infections, which often have a more severe clinical course. The mechanisms underlying post-viral bacterial infections are complex, and include multifactorial processes mediated by interactions between viruses, bacteria, and the host immune system. Studies over the past 15 years have demonstrated that unique microbial communities reside on the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory tract, which have both direct and indirect effects on host defense against viral infections. In addition, antiviral immune responses induced by acute respiratory infections such as influenza are associated with changes in microbial composition and function ("dysbiosis") in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, which in turn may alter subsequent immune function against secondary bacterial infection or alter the dynamics of inter-microbial interactions, thereby enhancing the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacterial species. In this review, we summarize the literature on the interactions between host microbial communities and host defense, and how influenza, and other acute respiratory viral infections disrupt these interactions, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of secondary bacterial infections.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 Reviewed by: Laurent Pierre Nicod, Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland; Victor C. Huber, University of South Dakota, United States This article was submitted to Microbial Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Edited by: John F. Alcorn, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, United States
ISSN:	1664-3224 1664-3224
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2018.02640