Influence of crop rotations and tillage systems on phosphorus and potassium stratification and root distribution in the soil profile

The combination of cropping rotation and tillaging for several years have altered the distribution of nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil profile. These long-term changes have led researchers to investigate the distribution of nutrients and the distribution of roots in alt...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Communications in soil science and plant analysis Vol. 29; no. 15/16; pp. 2383 - 2394
Main Authors:	Holanda, F.S.R, Mengel, D.B, Paula, M.B, Carvaho, J.G, Bertoni, J.C
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Philadelphia, PA Taylor & Francis Group 01-01-1998 Taylor & Francis
Subjects:	Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences chiseling continuous cropping crop rotation Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns Glycine max no-tillage phosphorus plowing potassium roots soil depth soil profiles Soil tillage Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments spatial distribution Tillage. Tending. Growth control Zea mays Indiana United States North America America Silty clay loam soil Monocotyledones Long term test Cultivated soil Zero tillage Inorganic element Cereal crop Field experiment Plowing Gramineae Dicotyledones Angiospermae Soil profile Stratification Soil chemistry Macronutrient(mineral) Cultural practice Soil tillage Zea mays Root Cropping system Phosphorus Glycine max Oil plant(vegetal) Grain legume Spatial distribution Leguminosae Crop rotation Soil biology Spermatophyta Soil plant relation Potassium
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Summary:	The combination of cropping rotation and tillaging for several years have altered the distribution of nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil profile. These long-term changes have led researchers to investigate the distribution of nutrients and the distribution of roots in alternate cropping and tillage systems. The purpose of this study was to clarify if and how interactions between tillage systems and crop rotation, in long-term plots, affected P and K distribution and root development, in the soil profile. This continuous long-term tillage study consisted of 8 treatments arranged in a randomized split-plot design and replicated three times. It consisted of one rotation treatment, corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and of continuous corn as the main plot. Three primary tillage operations (fall moldboard plow, fall chisel, and no tillage) were tested as subplot. We found a greater concentration of P in the upper layers of the soil regardless of the tillage system. The P stratification was characterized in no-till system as a result of a surface applied fertilizer without incorporation. Potassium concentration in the soil surface decreased in depth in the chisel and in the no-till treatments, presumably as a consequence of the fertilization. Phosphorus stratification stimulated root growth in conservation systems when compared to the conventional one.
ISSN:	0010-3624 1532-2416
DOI:	10.1080/00103629809370118