Modeling the anxiety–depression continuum hypothesis in domestic fowl chicks

Anxiety and depression are currently classified as separate clinical syndromes despite considerable similarities in their symptoms, pathophysiological substrates and response to treatment interventions. An alternative hypothesis views anxiety and depression along a temporal continuum, a construct th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Behavioural pharmacology Vol. 17; no. 8; pp. 681 - 689
Main Authors:	Sufka, Kenneth J, Feltenstein, Matthew W, Warnick, Jason E, Acevedo, Edmund O, Webb, Heather E, Cartwright, Courtney M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc 01-12-2006
Subjects:	Animals Animals, Newborn Anti-Anxiety Agents - pharmacology Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic - pharmacology Anxiety - blood Anxiety - drug therapy Anxiety - psychology Chickens Chlordiazepoxide - pharmacology Corticosterone - blood Depression - blood Depression - drug therapy Depression - psychology Disease Models, Animal Imipramine - pharmacology Male Social Isolation - psychology Stress, Psychological - blood Stress, Psychological - drug therapy Stress, Psychological - psychology Vocalization, Animal - drug effects
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Summary:	Anxiety and depression are currently classified as separate clinical syndromes despite considerable similarities in their symptoms, pathophysiological substrates and response to treatment interventions. An alternative hypothesis views anxiety and depression along a temporal continuum, a construct that the current research attempts to model in a preclinical setting. In experiment 1, socially raised domestic fowl chicks separated from conspecifics demonstrated a pattern of distress vocalizations that sequentially models anxiety-like and depressive-like states. In addition, administration of the benzodiazepine anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide and the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine provided pharmacological validation for the model in that they were capable of dissociating the anxiety-like and depressive-like states. In experiment 2, corticosterone levels were quantified across the isolation test session to provide convergent validity to the model. These findings fit well with the human clinical literature on the anxiety–depression continuum perspective, and suggest the consideration of a nosology that emphasizes the inter-relatedness of these clinical states rather than their boundaries.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0955-8810 1473-5849
DOI:	10.1097/FBP.0b013e3280115fac