Search Results - "Carter, Charles W."

Escapement mechanisms: Efficient free energy transduction by reciprocally‐coupled gating by Carter, Charles W.

“…Conversion of the free energy of NTP hydrolysis efficiently into mechanical work and/or information by transducing enzymes sustains living systems far from…”
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tRNA acceptor stem and anticodon bases form independent codes related to protein folding by Carter, Charles W, Richard Wolfenden

“…Significance The universal genetic code is the earliest point to which we can trace biological inheritance. Earlier work hinted at a relationship between the…”
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Primordial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases preferred minihelices to full-length tRNA by Tang, Guo Qing, Hu, Hao, Douglas, Jordan, Carter, Jr, Charles W

“…Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) and tRNAs translate the genetic code in all living cells. Little is known about how their molecular ancestors began to…”
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Coding of Class I and II Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases by Carter, Jr, Charles W

“…The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and their cognate transfer RNAs translate the universal genetic code. The twenty canonical amino acids are sufficiently diverse…”
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Simultaneous codon usage, the origin of the proteome, and the emergence of de-novo proteins by Carter, Charles W

“…[Display omitted] •Codon–amino acid assignments and their redundancies are consistent with simultaneous use in all 6 reading frames.•In-frame bidirectional…”
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Temperature dependence of amino acid hydrophobicities by Wolfenden, Richard, Charles A. Lewis, Yang Yuan, Charles W. Carter

“…The hydrophobicities of the 20 common amino acids are reflected in their tendencies to appear in interior positions in globular proteins and in deeply buried…”
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The Roots of Genetic Coding in Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Duality by Carter, Charles W, Wills, Peter R

“…Codon-dependent translation underlies genetics and phylogenetic inferences, but its origins pose two challenges. Prevailing narratives cannot account for the…”
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Base Pairing Promoted the Self-Organization of Genetic Coding, Catalysis, and Free-Energy Transduction by Carter, Jr, Charles W

“…How Nature discovered genetic coding is a largely ignored question, yet the answer is key to explaining the transition from biochemical building blocks to…”
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Aminoacylating Urzymes Challenge the RNA World Hypothesis by Li, Li, Francklyn, Christopher, Carter, Charles W.

“…We describe experimental evidence that ancestral peptide catalysts substantially accelerated development of genetic coding. Structurally invariant…”
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Hierarchical groove discrimination by Class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases reveals a palimpsest of the operational RNA code in the tRNA acceptor-stem bases by Carter, Charles W, Wills, Peter R

“…Abstract Class I and II aaRS recognition of opposite grooves was likely among the earliest determinants fixed in the tRNA acceptor stem bases. A new regression…”
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Interdependence, Reflexivity, Fidelity, Impedance Matching, and the Evolution of Genetic Coding by Carter, Jr, Charles W, Wills, Peter R

“…Genetic coding is generally thought to have required ribozymes whose functions were taken over by polypeptide aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). Two…”
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Impedance Matching and the Choice Between Alternative Pathways for the Origin of Genetic Coding by Wills, Peter R, Carter, Jr, Charles W

“…We recently observed that errors in gene replication and translation could be seen qualitatively to behave analogously to the impedances in acoustical and…”
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Selective Inhibition of Bacterial Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetases by Indolmycin Is Mechanism-based by Williams, Tishan L., Yin, Yuhui W., Carter, Charles W.

“…Indolmycin is a natural tryptophan analog that competes with tryptophan for binding to tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) enzymes. Bacterial and eukaryotic…”
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Urzymology: Experimental Access to a Key Transition in the Appearance of Enzymes by Carter, Charles W.

“…Urzymes are catalysts derived from invariant cores of protein superfamilies. Urzymes from both aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase classes possess sophisticated…”
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High-Dimensional Mutant and Modular Thermodynamic Cycles, Molecular Switching, and Free Energy Transduction by Carter, Charles W

“…Understanding how distinct parts of proteins produce coordinated behavior has driven and continues to drive advances in protein science and enzymology…”
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Multidimensional Phylogenetic Metrics Identify Class I Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Evolutionary Mosaicity and Inter-Modular Coupling by Carter, Jr, Charles W, Popinga, Alex, Bouckaert, Remco, Wills, Peter R

“…The role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) in the emergence and evolution of genetic coding poses challenging questions concerning their provenance. We seek…”
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Insuperable problems of the genetic code initially emerging in an RNA world by Wills, Peter R., Carter, Charles W.

“…Differential equations for error-prone information transfer (template replication, transcription or translation) are developed in order to consider, within the…”
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Enzymic recognition of amino acids drove the evolution of primordial genetic codes by Douglas, Jordan, Bouckaert, Remco, Carter, Charles W, Wills, Peter R

“…Abstract How genetic information gained its exquisite control over chemical processes needed to build living cells remains an enigma. Today, the aminoacyl-tRNA…”
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Class I and II aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase tRNA groove discrimination created the first synthetase–tRNA cognate pairs and was therefore essential to the origin of genetic coding by Carter, Charles W., Wills, Peter R.

“…The genetic code likely arose when a bidirectional gene replicating as a quasi‐species began to produce ancestral aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRS) capable of…”
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Domain acquisition by class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase urzymes coordinated the catalytic functions of HVGH and KMSKS motifs by Tang, Guo Qing, Elder, Jessica J H, Douglas, Jordan, Carter, Charles W

“…Abstract Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is a Class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) that synthesizes leucyl-tRNAleu for codon-directed protein synthesis. Two…”
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