Determinants of Aedes mosquito density as an indicator of arbovirus transmission risk in three sites affected by co-circulation of globally spreading arboviruses in Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina

The global impact of Zika virus in Latin America has drawn renewed attention to circulating mosquito-borne viruses in this region, such as dengue and chikungunya. Our objective was to assess socio-ecological factors associated with Aedes mosquito vector density as a measure of arbovirus transmission...

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Published in:	Parasites & vectors Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 482
Main Authors:	Talbot, Benoit, Sander, Beate, Cevallos, Varsovia, González, Camila, Benítez, Denisse, Carissimo, Claudio, Carrasquilla Ferro, María C, Gauto, Neris, Litwiñiuk, Sergio, López, Karen, Ortiz, Mario I, Ponce, Patricio, Villota, Stephany D, Zelaya, Fabian, Espinel, Mauricio, Wu, Jianhong, Miretti, Marcos, Kulkarni, Manisha A
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 19-09-2021 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Aedes Aedes - physiology Aedes - virology Aedes albopictus Animal Distribution Animals Aquatic insects Arbovirus Infections - transmission Arboviruses - pathogenicity Argentina Chikungunya Fever - transmission Cities Colombia Confidence intervals Containers Culicidae Data loggers Dengue - transmission Dengue fever Determinants Disease Disease control Disease risk Distribution Economics Ecosystem approach to fisheries Ecuador Environmental aspects Environmental factors Female Females Global health Guillain-Barre syndrome Health aspects Households Human diseases Humans Humidity Investigations Light traps Medical laboratories Methods Mitigation Mosquito vector Mosquito Vectors - physiology Mosquito Vectors - virology Mosquitoes Neighborhoods Population density Populations Questionnaires Rain Random variables Residential density Risk analysis Risk Factors Socio-economic status Socioeconomic aspects Socioeconomic factors Statistical analysis Vector-borne diseases Vectors Virus-vector relationships Viruses Wealth Index Zika virus Zika Virus Infection - transmission Colombia Ecuador Argentina Cities United States > US Asia Africa Disease risk Global health Socio-economic status Mosquito vector Wealth Index
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Summary:	The global impact of Zika virus in Latin America has drawn renewed attention to circulating mosquito-borne viruses in this region, such as dengue and chikungunya. Our objective was to assess socio-ecological factors associated with Aedes mosquito vector density as a measure of arbovirus transmission risk in three cities of potentially recent Zika virus introduction: Ibagué, Colombia; Manta, Ecuador; and Posadas, Argentina, in order to inform disease mitigation strategies. We sampled Aedes mosquito populations in a total of 1086 households, using indoor and peridomestic mosquito collection methods, including light traps, resting traps, traps equipped with chemical attractant and aspirators. For each sampled household, we collected socio-economic data using structured questionnaires and data on microenvironmental conditions using iButton data loggers. A total of 3230 female Aedes mosquitoes were collected, of which 99.8% were Aedes aegypti and 0.2% were Aedes albopictus. Mean female Aedes mosquito density per household was 1.71 (standard deviation: 2.84). We used mixed-effects generalized linear Poisson regression analyses to identify predictors of Aedes density, using month, neighborhood and country as random-effects variables. Across study sites, the number of household occupants [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.14], presence of entry points for mosquitoes into the household (IRR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.30-1.76) and presence of decorative vegetation (IRR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.22-1.88) were associated with higher Aedes density; while being in the highest wealth tertile of household wealth (IRR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66-0.92), knowledge of how arboviruses are transmitted (IRR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-1.00) and regular emptying of water containers by occupants (IRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.92) were associated with lower Aedes density. Our study addresses the complexities of arbovirus vectors of global significance at the interface between human and mosquito populations. Our results point to several predictors of Aedes mosquito vector density in countries with co-circulation of multiple Aedes-borne viruses, and point to modifiable risk factors that may be useful for disease prevention and control.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1756-3305 1756-3305
DOI:	10.1186/s13071-021-04984-z