Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Environmental Factors, Rice Production, and Water Use Efficiency

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Environmental Factors, Rice Production, and Water Use Efficiency

Rice is one of the most important food crops in China and is also the largest user of agricultural water. Experiments were conducted for two consecutive years at two locations of Jiangsu province to study the effect of four irrigation methods with four replications (shallow water irrigation (FSI), w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 8; p. 2239
Main Authors: Zhang, Shuxuan, Rasool, Ghulam, Guo, Xiangping, Sen, Liang, Cao, Kewen
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-08-2020
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Coasts
Crop yield
Efficiency
Environmental aspects
Environmental factors
Experiments
Fertilizers
Floods
grain yield
Growth
Herbicides
Irrigation
Irrigation water
Load distribution
Methods
Nitrogen
Nonpoint source pollution
Pesticides
Phosphorus
pollutant load
Pollutants
Pollution load
Rain
Rain water
Rice
rice production
Shallow water
Water conservation
Water pollution
Water resources
Water use
Water use efficiency
China
Yangtze River
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Summary:Rice is one of the most important food crops in China and is also the largest user of agricultural water. Experiments were conducted for two consecutive years at two locations of Jiangsu province to study the effect of four irrigation methods with four replications (shallow water irrigation (FSI), wet-shallow irrigation (WSI), controlled irrigation (CI), and rain-catching and controlled irrigation (RCCI)) on drainage, rainwater utilization rate, pollutant load of N and P, irrigation water, grain yield, and water use efficiency. The results show that FSI treatment used the largest irrigation amount, which is significantly higher than the other three irrigation methods, but the southern part of Jiangsu province especially Nanjing and riverside areas are relatively rich in water resources. It can be seen from our findings that FSI and RCCI are the best irrigation methods in Nanjing area to get a higher yield. However, the yield of CI treatment varies greatly; the annual and seasonal yield changes of CI treatment are higher than those of other treatments; and the risk of yield reduction is greater. Thus, considering water saving and high efficiency, RCCI is a better irrigation strategy than FSI. Combined with the following analysis, it can be seen that RCCI irrigation treatment has less nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load with no significant difference in yield in Lianshui and in 2017 in Nanjing area. Therefore, RCCI is more suitable for irrigation in Lianshui and similar areas.
ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w12082239