Composition of terrestrial mammal assemblages and their habitat use in unflooded and flooded blackwater forests in the Central Amazon
Several forest types compose the apparently homogenous forest landscape of the lowland Amazon. The seasonally flooded forests ( ) of the narrow floodplains of the blackwater rivers of the Amazon basin support their community of animals; however, these animals are required to adapt to survive in this...
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| Published in: | PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 10; p. e14374 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
PeerJ, Inc
12-12-2022
PeerJ Inc |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Several forest types compose the apparently homogenous forest landscape of the lowland Amazon. The seasonally flooded forests (
) of the narrow floodplains of the blackwater rivers of the Amazon basin support their community of animals; however, these animals are required to adapt to survive in this environment. Furthermore, several taxa are an important source of seasonal resources for the animals in the adjacent unflooded forest (
). During the low-water phase, the
becomes available to terrestrial species that make use of
and
forests. Nonetheless, these lateral movements of terrestrial mammals between hydrologically distinct forest types remain poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that the attributes of the assemblages (abundance, richness, evenness, and functional groups) of the terrestrial mammals in both these forest types of the Cuieiras River basin, which is located in the Central Amazon, are distinct and arise from the ecological heterogeneity induced by seasonal floods. After a sampling effort of 10,743 camera trap days over four campaigns, two for the
(6,013 trap days) and two for the
forests (4,730 trap days), a total of 31 mammal species (five were considered eventual) were recorded in both forest types. The species richness was similar in the
and
forests, and the species abundance and biomass were greater in the
forest, which were probably due to its higher primary productivity; whereas the evenness was increased in the
when compared to the
forest. Although both forest types shared 84% of the species, generally a marked difference was observed in the composition of the terrestrial mammal species. These differences were associated with abundances of some specific functional groups,
., frugivores/granivores. Within-group variation was explained by balanced variation in abundance and turnover, which the individuals of a given species at one site were substituted by an equivalent number of individuals of a different species at another site. However, the occupancy was similar between both forest types for some groups such as carnivores. These findings indicate that seasonal flooding is a relevant factor in structuring the composition of terrestrial mammal assemblages between
and floodplain forests, even in nutrient-poor habitats such as
. The results also highlight the importance of maintaining the mosaic of natural habitats on the scale of the entire landscape, with major drainage basins representing management units that provide sufficiently large areas to support a range of ecological processes (
., nutrient transport, lateral movements and the persistence of apex predators). |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 2167-8359 2167-8359 |
| DOI: | 10.7717/peerj.14374 |